The South Pole, a comparison essay :: essays research papers

An arid tundra temperatures so cold that limbs become black and immobile, land so barren that hardly anything can abide, this is the South Pole. Why anyone would want to go there may be hard to understand. Traveling to the South Pole isnt just a lengthy process and an uncomfortable experience, it is extremely dangerous as going to far south provides several life threatening conditions. To survive in such cold conditions one would need specially made clothing designed for such extremely cold climate. Maybe the pre-planning part of the stagger is what separates Amundsen and Scott the most.Both explorers have reached the South Pole further only Amundsen has returned, in good health. This can be mostly attributed to careful planning or as some would call, luck. Amundsen once said, Victory awaits those who have everything in order. People call this luck (517). It can be judged from this quote that Amundsen is not one to believe in superstition. He believed that luck is a direct result of cautious planning and careful decision making. Scott on the other hand had a more stack oriented outlook on luck. A note was found beside Scotts body that read, The causes of the disaster are not due to faulty organization but to misfortune (522). Scott believed that several events could take place during a pilgrimage that were out of the control of the explorer, who in this case was Scott. Several events have occurred in Scotts journey but not in Amundsens. Some of the misfortunes of Scotts adventure include having several supplies break through thin ice and become lost in the South Pole water. This mishap probably couldnt have been avoided unless the utmost scrutiny was observed during the trip. Being so cautious and careful would take a large amount of travel time away however and one can not possibly expect to reach the South Pole opus traveling so slowly. So perhaps Scott was right and Amundsen has succeeded by blind luck along with his careful planning.Amundsen analyzed every aspect of the journey onward setting forth. If he felt that any particular item wasnt as efficient as it possibly could he would upgrade and modify it. This deport of Amundsen can be attributed to his success as well as some other plans he made. Amundsen planned for a long time, he studied everything that was scripted about the South Pole.

Hiroshima :: essays research papers

The first most powerful bomb, which is called the atom bomb, was dropped on majestic 6 , 1945. In a city located in Japan, called Hiroshima. With these facts and the information ive read from this one book called "Hiroshima" I have a very tough opinion which I will speak of now. I think that the atomic bomb which was dropped on Hiroshima was a petty, childish way of trying to win a war. It was inhuman, so horrible that anyone whom lived through it, would most likely be traumatized for the rest of their living lives. I dont think what the Americans did was very right at all. If they wanted a war, not that war is a way to solve anything, then they should have fought the old fashioned way. Rather than ruining so many peoples lives. Atomic bombs ar not something that should even be in existence, but they are. Theres really nothing we can do about them, because of the more powerful people in this world. They arrive this extraordinary weapons to be their only defense. But I th ink its pathetic. They go off an kill so many people, and wounded the rest. They brought many cities to destruction and embody them millions of dollars to rebuild. You just cant toy with peoples lives like that. I think it should be illegal. If they wanted to harm certain people, then fight it out with them. Dont kill innocent peoples lives. If they knew the bulky danger and effects of this new bomb, then they shouldnt have done it. Perhaps they could have found a different way to finish this all.Critical Appraisal- "Z for Zachariah" and "Hiroshima"In my personal opinion "Z for Zachariah" could have been a bit more accurate in which ways they made the radiation affect people. First off, in "Hiroshima", which was a true story, not all the people died from the radiation, yes they got very ill from it. Such as fevers, vomiting, hair loss, white blood count going up and down, etc. But most of them died from all the wounds from the bomb. And the radiatio n didnt kill and poison all the things within the bomb as it did in "Z". "Hiroshima" had alot more grave about how the radiation effect the people physically than "Z" did. They were pretty close to getting the same idea of what happens when people get radiation, but they befuddled quite a few points.

similarities and differences in ancient civilizations :: essays research papers

Ancient civilizations have a lot of similarities and differences. The two civilizations are the Aryans and the Shang. The Aryans ruled over India from 1500 B.C. to 1000B.C. The Shang ruled over china from 1750 B.C. to 1122 B.C. The Aryans and Shang had similarities and differences in writing, religion, and Technology.There are many similarities and differences in writing in the Aryans and Shang dynasties. The Aryans used Sanskrit as their method of writing. The Shang used a method of making symbols for almost all(prenominal) word and the symbols would look like what the word meant. The Shang later used calligraphy. Modern Chinese is remedy related to the ancient character system, which had no alphabet and still doesnt.There are many similarities and differences in religion in the Aryan and Shang dynasties. The Aryans and Shang both had polytheistic beliefs. The Shang mainly worshiped a god called Shang Ti, which meant lord on high. He was the god who ruled over all other nature go ds. The Aryans also believed that there was one god who created e rattlingthing referred to in an important hymn. Both dynasties made sacrifices to their gods. These sacrifices were very important to their religions.There are many similarities and differences in technology in the Aryan and Shang dynasties. Both the Shang and Aryans had a lot of farmers. Farming was a very important part of their lives. They both used methods of irrigation. They used farming to their advantage by using what comes natural to their area and trading with other areas. The Shang discovered many metals such(prenominal) as tin and bronze and you can see that they used these very much in their art pieces.

Washington History :: essays research papers

Assignment 1Question 1A) How is a region defined? A region after part be defined by its geography, industry, or culture.For example the Bible belt is a cultural region Silicon V altogetherey is an industrial region, and the Plains States form a region defined by the geography and agriculture both.B) What Unifying forces define the nor-west?The region of the Pacific Northwest is defined as a backwoods replete with a wide array of natural resources. The treasures found in the natural beauty of the Northwests pristine waterways, ample valleys, and lush spate forests define the region. No other region in the United States can comp are with the beauty and majesty of the Pacific Northwest. It stands al whizz as having one of the well-nigh varied and rich landscapes in the country. Thus allowing an independent, confined, and truly original culture to emerge.Question 2What is the size and distribution of the population of the Northwest?The Pacific Northwest region is lightly populated wi th the majority of the residents located in a few key areas. The main population centers of thirty thousand or more(prenominal) pertaining to capital letter are the Puget Sound area, and Spokane. In Oregon it is the Willamette Valley from Portland to Eugene and Medford where the population centers are located. Idaho, while being much more rural then Washington and Oregon, does have clusters of more highly populated areas in select geographic areas, such as Boise and Pocatello. All of Idahos major urban areas are located on or around the Snake River. Taking the time to really study the location of cites in relation to surrounding geographic areas one gets a good look into the minds of the first settlers and even the native inhabitants. Larger urban centers are usually located on or near waterways all were and still are very reliable sources of food, water, and trade. One example of this statement is shown in todays Vancouver, Washington, which was first settled on the Columbia Rive r. Question 3 argue the natural setting of the NorthwestThe Pacific Northwest is rich in culture and beauty. What gives this land its beauty, so much so that the region is know the world over? Maybe it is the giant snake of concrete known as Interstate-5? Could it be the snow crowned Peaks of the cascades? Or is it the glistening monoliths of glass that draw out at the cloud filled sky above the Emerald City of Seattle? The Sun bathed beaches of the San Juan Islands?

The Biggest Challenge Facing Social Work Today Essay -- Essays Papers

The Biggest Challenge Facing Social Work TodayI f the profession of loving work was a client we might say that she was wrestling with the psychosocial crisis of identity versus identity confusion. We might assess the conflicted issues from her childhood (casework versus therapy versus policy/administration), the unequal to(predicate) mirroring she receives from her environment (a culture that needs her to help those who the culture pretends do not exist, but is also compelled to devalue her for the same reason), and the gender biases that help keep social work a low-status, poorly compensated profession.Depending on our theoretical interests we might perform various tasks with our client. We might offer ourselves to our client as idealized figures of big businessman and generosity, evaluate the maladaptive cognitive processes that contribute to her impasse, or attempt to break up the sequences of negative reinforcement and sanctions that lock our client into someone elses agenda.O ther professions, such as business, medicine, and law, vigorously identify themselves with expanding technologica...

The Themes of Robert Frosts Mending Wall Essays -- Mending Wall Essays

The Themes of Robert Frosts Mending Wall one(a) of the major themes of Frosts Mending Wall is the cycle of the seasons. Several phrases refer to the seasons, particularly in a repetitive, cyclical way spring mending-time, frozen ground-swell, once again, spring is the mischief in me. Another theme is parallelism or the lack of it. Sometimes this parallelism takes a physical form, associated with the wall, as we imagine the two men walking parallel paths We meet to walk the line. We keep the wall between us as we go. One on a side. It is a mental wall, though, as well as a physical one, and I read the gaps as making possible a meeting of minds and attitudes as well as of lands and bodies. Closing the gaps in the wall means closing off points where the two men might meet physically or mentally. As the poet says, If I could put a notion in his head, but he cant. The two men, the two minds, will remain parallel, on polar sides of a wall. I find parallelism in the language as well as in the central image of the two men walking along a wall. I find it in phrasings like To each the boulders that have fallen to each. And some are loaves and some so nearly balls. Walling in or walling out. I find it most centrally in Good fences make good neighbors, whose neat parallelism contrasts in my mind with the redundancy, the tangled, circling syntax of Something at that place is that doesnt love a wall. The parallelisms in phrasing lead me to think of speech and language themselves as themes. I find many phrases like, I tell him, He except says, Id rather he said it, his fathers saying, He says again. The neighbor speaks his fathers saying twice. The poet also speaks twice, and both their repetition... ...rresponds to the poets wayward imaginings, the walls-up to the control of that imagination. Wor ks Cited Frye, Northrop. Northrop Frye on Twentieth-Century Literature University of Toronto Press, Scholarly publishing Division (February 13, 2010)Holland, Norman Norwood. The Brain of Robert Frost A Cognitive Approach to Literature. Routledge (October 1988) Poirier, Richard. Robert Frost The Work of Knowing Stanford University Press (April 1, 1990)

Flannery O’Conners “Good Country People” Essay

Love and friendship can make a wonderful story but why not make up a twist of mistrust and deceit. Thats what Flannery Oconner did in Good Country People. By doing this she communicated her theme that people arent always what them seem. The Irony of the characters and what they stage exaggerates the theme very well.The way the characters were developed showed their diversity in Good Country People. Hulga had a degree in philosophy which made her think that she was smarter than everyone else because she had learned more than they had. But in all actuality she was not, this was proven by the dangerous ol bible salesman who was supposed to be honest and good and he was do a living by selling family bibles to country people. He started courting Hulga and when he won her over they met one later onnoon for a walk. During this walk both their true colors began to shine through. After being led on a not so unplanned walk through the woods. Hulga was humiliated when the connive salesma n wanted to have sex with her but when she denied him he took her wooden limb. Which showed her to be naive and fragile.Through wooden legs and bibles symbolism comes through strongly. Hulga as a nipper lost her leg and the doctors gave her a wooden prosthetic leg as a replacement. This wooden leg props up its own symbolism end-to-end the story as well as it props up Hulga. She believed she needed no help throughout life. With her believe or non-believe rather, she has the notion she needs no family, no God, and no support. But really deep down she needs all of it. The leg physically supports Hulga her whole life. When she has her wooden leg stolen from her by the bible salesman she realizes she had the support she needed all along, but until now when she loses one sort of support, does she know she needs the otherwises as well. The Bible is also a big symbol in this story. The Holy Bible represents good and impartiality in the world.The Bible salesman pushes this in his sales pitch, but to him it symbolizes a place where he can keep all his secrets. Whats inside the hollow Bible in his suitcase is what the Bible really symbolizes to him, absolutely nothing. To Him its a place to entrepot his ideas of sex, booze, and porn. Which makes it really something that isnt as it seems. Which leads to another symbol Hulga herself. After she becomes wise in the ways of the world and does notbelieve she needs God, or anyone else anymore. She changes her separate of happiness, Joy, to an ugly meaningless take a leak of Hulga. She does this to show to everyone that she does not need the joy or happiness in her life anymore, she has philosophy and education.Irony comes through in many ways especially through the characters. Throughout the story Hulga believes she is more intelligent than the people in her family and town because she went to college and earned a Ph.D. in philosophy. The truth is though she is honorable as plain and simple as the good country people s he is surrounded by. This is proven by the innocent bible salesman, who in all reality is pretty much the Devil. She goes out to seduce the innocent, but in turn she is blind to the fact he is tricking her. They lead each other to a barn where the innocent bible salesman shows his inner most devil by belittling all Hulgas beliefs and reviling to her she is not better but just as simpleminded and naive as everyone else in her town.Another ironic tidbit is how Joy changed her name to Hulga. It totally highlights the fact she wants nothing to do with her joyful Christian upbringing by her country uneducated family. And not unlike Hulga the bible salesman is also an ironic factor in this story. He is supposed to represent good Christian morals that are taught in church and through the bible. However all he is a thief and a whore with no morals. He is the pentacle of the bad boy scene. He keeps in the Holiest of all books the Bible condoms, a flask of booze and playing cards with naked g irls on them. indeed to top it off he likes to collect fake body parts he has stolen from girls he has fooled. It its completely not what one would learn from the Bible.Finally Hulga accepts her name of Joy again and hopefully appreciates her family and how good that it can be from time to time to be simple. The salesman isnt heard from again and life goes on. But after all of the twists and turns of the story Good country People by Flannery O Conner, one learns a moral from all the evil and mistrust. Never judge a book by its cover.

A Game of Thrones Chapter Fifty-seven

SansaThe walls of the thr wholeness room had been stripped b are, the hunting tapestries that King Robert love taken down and stacked in the corner in an untidy heap.Ser Mandon Moore went to take his place under the throne beside two of his fellows of the Kingsguard. Sansa hovered by the door, for once unguarded. The milksop had given her freedom of the castle as a reward for being good, yet even so, she was escorted every(prenominal)where she went. Honor guards for my daughter-to-be, the faery called them, but they did not gravel Sansa feel honored.Freedom of the castle meant that she could go wherever she chose within the Red Keep so long as she promised not to go beyond the walls, a promise Sansa had been more than willinging to give. She couldnt permit gone beyond the walls any personal manner. The gates were watched day and night by Janos Slynts gold cloaks, and Lannister house guards were always about as well. Besides, even if she could leave the castle, where would she go? It was enough that she could walk in the yard, pick flowers in Myrcellas garden, and visit the sept to pray for her father. Sometimes she prayed in the godswood as well, since the Starks kept the old gods.This was the first court session of J asidereys reign, so Sansa tanged about anxiously. A line of Lannister house guards stood down the stairs the western windows, a line of gold-cloaked City Watchmen beneath the east. Of down in the mouthfolk and commoners, she saw no sign, but under the gallery a cluster of lords great and scurvy milled restlessly. There were no more than twenty, where a atomic number 6 had been accustomed to wait upon King Robert.Sansa slipped in among them, murmuring greetings as she worked her way toward the front. She bedd desolate-skinned Jalabhar Xho, gloomy Ser Aron Santagar, the Redwyne twins Horror and Slobber . . . plainly none of them seemed to recognize her. Or if they did, they shied away as if she had the grey plague. Sickly lord Gyle s covered his face at her approach and feigned a fit of coughing, and when funny inebriated Ser Dontos started to hail her, Ser Balon Swann whispered in his ear and he turned away.And so many others were missing. Where had the rest of them gone? Sansa wondered. Vainly, she searched for friendly faces. Not one of them would meet her look. It was as if she had become a ghost, dead in the first place her time.Grand Maester Pycelle was pose alone at the council table, seemingly asleep, his hands clasped together atop his beard. She saw Lord Varys further into the hall, his feet making no sound. A moment later Lord Baelish entered through the tall doors in the rear, smiling. He chatted amiably with Ser Balon and Ser Dontos as he made his way to the front. Butterflies fluttered nervously in Sansas stomach. I shouldnt be afraid, she told herself. I sop up nothing to be afraid of, it will all come out well, J run into loves me and the queen does too, she verbalise so.A heralds voice rang out. All hail His Grace, Joffrey of the Houses Baratheon and Lannister, the First of his Name, King of the Andals, the Rhoynar, and the First Men, and Lord of the Seven Kingdoms. All hail his lady mother, Cersei of House Lannister, Queen Regent, dispirit of the West, and Protector of the Realm.Ser Barristan Selmy, resplendent in white plate, led them in. Ser Arys Oak internality escorted the queen, while Ser Boros Blount walked beside Joffrey, so six of the Kingsguard were promptly in the hall, all the sinlessness Swords save Jaime Lannister alone. Her princeno, her king like a shottook the steps of the Iron sewer two at a time, while his mother was seated with the council. Joff wore plush black velvets slashed with crimson, a shimmering cloth-of-gold cape with a high collar, and on his head a golden crown crusted with rubies and black diamonds.When Joffrey turned to look out over the hall, his eye caught Sansas. He smiled, seated himself, and spoke. It is a kings duty to punish the dis leal and reward those who are true. Grand Maester Pycelle, I command you to choose my decrees.Pycelle pushed himself to his feet. He was clad in a kinglike robe of thick red velvet, with an ermine collar and shiny gold fastenings. From a drooping sleeve, heavy with gilded scrollwork, he drew a parchment, unrolled it, and began to read a long list of call, commanding each in the name of king and council to present themselves and s break in their fealty to Joffrey. Failing that, they would be adjudged traitors, their lands and titles forfeit to the throne.The names he read made Sansa go for her breath. Lord Stannis Baratheon, his lady wife, his daughter. Lord Renly Baratheon. Both Lord Royces and their sons. Ser Loras Tyrell. Lord Mace Tyrell, his brothers, uncles, sons. The red priest, Thoros of Myr. Lord Beric Dondarrion. Lady Lysa Arryn and her son, the belittled Lord Robert. Lord Hoster Tully, his brother Ser Brynden, his son Ser Edmure. Lord Jason Mallister. L ord Bryce Caron of the Marches. Lord Tytos Blackwood. Lord Walder Frey and his heir Ser Stevron. Lord Karyl Vance. Lord Jonos Bracken. Lady Sheila Whent. Doran Mar pick out, Prince of Dorne, and all his sons. So many, she aspect as Pycelle read on and on, it will take a whole flock of ravens to send out these commands.And at the end, near last, came the names Sansa had been dreading. Lady Catelyn Stark. Robb Stark. Brandon Stark, Rickon Stark, Arya Stark. Sansa stifle a gasp. Arya. They wanted Arya to present herself and swear an oath . . . it must mean her sister had fled on the galley, she must be safe at Winterfell by now . . .Grand Maester Pycelle rolled up the list, tucked it up his left sleeve, and pulled another parchment from his right. He cleared his throat and resumed. In the place of the traitor Eddard Stark, it is the offer of His Grace that Tywin Lannister, Lord of Casterly Rock and Warden of the West, take up the office of Hand of the King, to speak with his voice, lead his armies against his enemies, and carry out his royal will. So the king has decreed. The small council consents.In the place of the traitor Stannis Baratheon, it is the wish of His Grace that his lady mother, the Queen Regent Cersei Lannister, who has ever been his staunchest support, be seated upon his small council, that she may help him convention wisely and with justice. So the king has decreed. The small council consents.Sansa heard a soft murmuring from the lords around her, but it was quickly stilled. Pycelle continued.It is also the wish of His Grace that his loyal servant, Janos Slynt, Commander of the City Watch of Kings Landing, be at once raised to the rank of lord and granted the ancient seat of Harrenhal with all its attendant lands and incomes, and that his sons and grandsons shall hold these honors after him until the end of time. It is moreover his command that Lord Slynt be seated immediately upon his small council, to assist in the governance of the realm. So the king has decreed. The small council consents.Sansa glimpsed motion from the corner of her eye as Janos Slynt made his entrance. This time the muttering was louder and angrier. Proud lords whose houses went back thousands of years made way reluctantly for the balding, frog-faced commoner as he marched past. Golden scales had been sewn onto the black velvet of his doub permit and rang together softly with each step. His cloak was checked black-and-gold satin. Two ugly boys who must have been his sons went before him, struggling with the weight of a heavy metal shield as tall as they were. For his sigil he had taken a bloody spear, gold on a night-black field. The sight of it raised goose prickles up and down Sansas arms.As Lord Slynt took his place, Grand Maester Pycelle resumed. Lastly, in these times of treason and turmoil, with our beloved Robert so deep dead, it is the view of the council that the life and safety of King Joffrey is of paramount importance . . . He looked to the queen.Cersei stood. Ser Barristan Selmy, stand forth.Ser Barristan had been standing at the foot of the Iron Throne, as still as any statue, but now he went to one knee and bowed his head. Your Grace, I am yours to command.Rise, Ser Barristan, Cersei Lannister utter. You may remove your helm.My lady? Standing, the old knight took off his high white helm, though he did not seem to understand why.You have served the realm long and faithfully, good ser, and every man and woman in the Seven Kingdoms owes you thanks. Yet now I alarm your service is at an end. It is the wish of king and council that you lay down your heavy burden.My . . . burden? I fear I . . . I do not . . . The new-made lord, Janos Slynt, spoke up, his voice heavy and blunt. Her Grace is trying to tell you that you are relieved as Lord Commander of the Kingsguard.The tall, white-haired knight seemed to shrink as he stood there, scarcely breathing. Your Grace, he verbalize at last. The Kingsguard is a Sworn Br otherhood. Our vows are taken for life. only(prenominal) death may relieve the Lord Commander of his sacred trust.Whose death, Ser Barristan? The queens voice was soft as silk, but her words carried the whole length of the hall. Yours, or your kings?You let my father die, Joffrey said accusingly from atop the Iron Throne. Youre too old to protect anybody.Sansa watched as the knight peered up at his new king. She had never seen him look his years before, yet now he did. Your Grace, he said. I was chosen for the White Swords in my twenty-third year. It was all I had ever dreamed, from the moment I first took blade in hand. I gave up all claim to my ancestral keep. The girl I was to wed married my cousin in my place, I had no need of land or sons, my life would be lived for the realm. Ser Gerold Hightower himself heard my vows . . . to ward the king with all my strength . . . to give my blood for his . . . I fought beside the White Bull and Prince Lewyn of Dorne . . . beside Ser Arth ur Dayne, the Sword of the Morning. Before I served your father, I helped shield King Aerys, and his father Jaehaerys before him . . . three kings . . . And all of them dead, Littlefinger pointed out.Your time is done, Cersei Lannister announced. Joffrey requires men around him who are young and strong. The council has determined that Ser Jaime Lannister will take your place as the Lord Commander of Sworn Brothers of the White Swords.The Kingslayer, Ser Barristan said, his voice hard with contempt. The false knight who alter his blade with the blood of the king he had sworn to defend.Have a care for your words, ser, the queen warned. You are speaking of our beloved brother, your kings own blood.Lord Varys spoke, gentler than the others. We are not unmindful of your service, good ser. Lord Tywin Lannister has generously agreed to grant you a handsome tract of land north of Lannisport, beside the sea, with gold and men fit to build you a stout keep, and servants to see to your every need.Ser Barristan looked up sharply. A hall to die in, and men to bury me. I thank you, my lords . . . but I spit upon your pity. He reached up and undid the clasps that held his cloak in place, and the heavy white garment slithered from his shoulders to fall in a heap on the floor. His helmet dropped with a clang. I am a knight, he told them. He opened the silver fastenings of his breastplate and let that fall as well. I shall die a knight.A naked as a jaybird knight, it would seem, quipped Littlefinger.They all laughed then, Joffrey on his throne, and the lords standing attendance, Janos Slynt and Queen Cersei and Sandor Clegane and even the other men of the Kingsguard, the five who had been his brothers until a moment ago. Surely that must have hurt the most, Sansa thought. Her heart went out to the gallant old man as he stood shamed and red-faced, too angry to speak. Finally he drew his sword.Sansa heard someone gasp. Ser Boros and Ser Meryn locomote forward to confront him, but Ser Barristan froze them in place with a look that dripped contempt. Have no fear, sers, your king is safe . . . no thanks to you. Even now, I could cut through the five of you as easy as a dagger cuts cheese. If you would serve under the Kingslayer, not a one of you is fit to wear the white. He flung his sword at the foot of the Iron Throne. Here, boy. Melt it down and add it to the others, if you like. It will do you more good than the swords in the hands of these five. peradventure Lord Stannis will chance to sit on it when he takes your throne.He took the long way out, his steps ringing loud against the floor and echoing off the bare stone walls. Lords and ladies parted to let him pass. Not until the pages had closed the great oak-and-bronze doors behind him did Sansa hear sounds again soft voices, uneasy stirrings, the shuffle of papers from the council table. He called me boy, Joffrey said peevishly, sounding younger than his years. He talked about my uncle Stannis too.I dle talk, said Varys the eunuch. Without meaning . . . He could be making plots with my uncles. I want him seized and questioned. No one moved. Joffrey raised his voice. I said, I want him seizedJanos Slynt rose from the council table. My gold cloaks will see to it, Your Grace.Good, said King Joffrey. Lord Janos strode from the hall, his ugly sons double-stepping to keep up as they lugged the great metal shield with the arms of House Slynt.Your Grace, Littlefinger reminded the king. If we might resume, the seven are now six. We find ourselves in need of a new sword for your Kingsguard.Joffrey smiled. Tell them, Mother.The king and council have determined that no man in the Seven Kingdoms is more fit to guard and protect His Grace than his sworn shield, Sandor Clegane.How do you like that, dog? King Joffrey asked.The Hounds scarred face was hard to read. He took a long moment to consider. Why not? I have no lands nor wife to forsake, and whod care if I did? The burned side of his mou th twisted. But I warn you, Ill ordain no knights vows.The Sworn Brothers of the Kingsguard have always been knights, Ser Boros said firmly.Until now, the Hound said in his deep rasp, and Ser Boros fell silent.When the kings herald moved forward, Sansa realized the moment was almost at hand. She smoothed down the cloth of her set back nervously. She was dressed in mourning, as a sign of respect for the dead king, but she had taken special care to make herself lovely. Her gown was the ivory silk that the queen had given her, the one Arya had ruined, but shed had them dye it black and you couldnt see the stain at all. She had fretted over her jewelry for hours and finally decided upon the elegant easiness of a plain silver chain.The heralds voice boomed out. If any man in this hall has other matters to set before His Grace, let him speak now or go forth and hold his silence.Sansa quailed. Now, she told herself, I must do it now. Gods give me courage. She took one step, then anothe r. Lords and knights stepped aside silently to let her pass, and she felt the weight of their eyes on her. I must be as strong as my lady mother. Your Grace, she called out in a soft, tremulous voice.The height of the Iron Throne gave Joffrey a better vantage point than anyone else in the hall. He was the first to see her. Come forward, my lady, he called out, smiling.His smile emboldened her, made her feel beautiful and strong. He does love me, he does. Sansa lifted her head and walked toward him, not too slow and not too fast. She must not let them see how nervous she was.The Lady Sansa, of House Stark, the herald cried.She stopped under the throne, at the spot where Ser Barristans white cloak lay puddled on the floor beside his helm and breastplate. Do you have some business for king and council, Sansa? the queen asked from the council table.I do. She knelt on the cloak, so as not to spoil her gown, and looked up at her prince on his fearsome black throne. As it please Your Grace , I ask mercy for my father, Lord Eddard Stark, who was the Hand of the King. She had practiced the words a hundred times.The queen sighed. Sansa, you disappoint me. What did I tell you about traitors blood?Your father has committed grave and terrible crimes, my lady, Grand Maester Pycelle intoned.Ah, poor sad thing, sighed Varys. She is only a babe, my lords, she does not know what she asks.Sansa had eyes only for Joffrey. He must listen to me, he must, she thought. The king shifted on his seat, Let her speak, he commanded. I want to hear what she hypothecates.Thank you, Your Grace. Sansa smiled, a shy hush-hush smile, just for him. He was listening. She knew he would.Treason is a noxious weed, Pycelle declared solemnly. It must be torn up, root and stem and seed, lest new traitors sprout from every roadside.Do you deny your fathers crime? Lord Baelish asked.No, my lords. Sansa knew better than that. I know he must be punished. All I ask is mercy. I know my lord father must regr et what he did. He was King Roberts friend and he loved him, you all know he loved him. He never wanted to be Hand until the king asked him. They must have lied to him. Lord Renly or Lord Stannis or . . . or somebody, they must have lied, otherwise . . . King Joffrey leaned forward, hands grasping the arms of the throne. Broken sword points fanned out between his fingers. He said I wasnt the king. Why did he say that?His leg was broken, Sansa replied eagerly. It hurt ever so much, Maester Pycelle was giving him milk of the poppy, and they say that milk of the poppy fills your head with clouds. Otherwise he would never have said it.Varys said, A childs faith . . . such sweet innocence . . . and yet, they say wisdom oft comes from the mouths of babes.Treason is treason, Pycelle replied at once.Joffrey rocked restlessly on the throne. Mother?Cersei Lannister considered Sansa thoughtfully. If Lord Eddard were to avouch his crime, she said at last, we would know he had repented his foll y.Joffrey pushed himself to his feet. Please, Sansa thought, please, please, be the king I know you are, good and kind and noble, please. Do you have any more to say? he asked her.Only . . . that as you love me, you do me this kindness, my prince, Sansa said.King Joffrey looked her up and down. Your sweet words have moved me, he said gallantly, nodding, as if to say all would be well. I shall do as you ask . . . but first your father has to confess. He has to confess and say that Im the king, or there will be no mercy for him.He will, Sansa said, heart soaring. Oh, I know he will.

Post-Modernism

The term postmodernistism tidy sum literally be translated as after the modern movement. This terms use can be traced back end to the 1870s, and was commonly used to describe a change in art, music and architecture. It describes a movement from modern thinking and attitudes to a new set of beliefs. Although the unquestionable beginning of the post modern era is unknown, it is best viewd to have started in the mid 1900s. There have been many influences driving the postmodern way of thinking, several(prenominal) of the more than influential of these potentially being Jean-Francois Lyotard, Jean Baudrillard and Fredric Jameson.Of course, this is left to interpretation. postmodern thinkers believe that there is no absolute uprightness. They believe that what is true for hotshot somebody can be false for a nonher. So what is false oneness day could be truth the next. They do not imagine one complete and princely narrative in the world in which e reallyone can believe in. Rath er they believe that there are different truths for different people. Whatever a individual believes to be true is truth for them, but not necessarily to an another(prenominal) person. The postmodern view heavily relies on the view of self-conceptualization and rationalization.They put science by and depend on personal opinions and thoughts. Postmodern thinkers believe that morals and ethics are based on personal opinions. They believe that our cultures general morals can be disregarded, what matters is what we personally believe is moral and true. Globalization is another issue that postmodernists commonly raise, saying that separation, and having individual countries is what causes war in our world. They believe that separate countries should be united. As far as religion goes, postmodern thinkers believe that there is not one true religion. Any religion can be true, it doesnt matter what you believe.As long as you believe in something you will go to heaven. Postmodernists denou nce the idea that Jesus Christ is the only way to idol, and that Christianity is the only one true religion. Postmodernism reacts against modern principles, and changes the modern way of architecture, music, beliefs etc. Recent postmodern architecture and art, are meant to look like they have no structure, which feeds off of the un-structuralized postmodern way of thinking. Postmodern thinkers want to implement the idea of pluralism in every aspect of life, saying that there is more than one way of looking at things.There is not only one truth, instead there are many and anybody can believe whatever they want. The idea of postmodernism is very easy to criticize in particular as a Christian. The postmodern view says that there are no absolute truths and that everyone invites to come up with their own truths and opinions of reality. This postmodern view does not allow for Christianity, as Christians believe that the fact that Jesus was Gods son and came to earth, died and rose agai n in three days is an absolute truth. We alike believe God exists and created the world around us to be truth.Without these absolute truths, Christianity would not exist. In our postmodern world people are given the king to come up with their own truths, and their own views on reality. Instead of allowing God to show us truth, we are basing truth on our feelings. Isaiah 520 says, woe unto them that call evil good, and good evil that put darkness for light, and light for darkness that put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter , and Jeremiah 179 says, The amount is deceitful above all things, and desperately wicked who can know it? .God warns us about depending on ourselves for truth, by doing this we do not allow ourselves to last by the higher law God has laid out for us, and depend on him to show us truth. Our postmodern world says that what we see as truth may not be truth to someone else. They believe that as long as we each have a truth and we live by it, we are doing the right thing. As Christians we do not agree with this as we know that we cannot depend on ourselves to find what is real and true in this world. God warns us against this many times in the bible. We need to depend on what he tells us is moral and true.Post modernity has made religion into something that people still come and see what they like and take from it what they want. Postmodernism also contradicts itself in the fact that if everything is true, then nothing is true. It takes away the meaning from everything. Postmodern thinkers have a reeking argument in saying that there are no universal morals. It would be wrong for people to kill, and this does not go unpunished in our country. With a postmodern worldview, it would be up to the person if it is morally alright for them to do it, and if it is there would be nothing we could do against it, as this was true for him.It is often lumbering to come up with positives for postmodernism as a Christian however pluralism can be a po sitive to a certain degree. It is good to respect other peoples decisions and hear their opinions. When we get different views on a certain subject, we can often come up with a better and more complete answer or decision. It helps when analyzing scriptures as well, by getting other opinions on the meaning of a scripture we hear opinions that may be influenced by a different culture or background.This causes us to look at scripture from a different angle and come to a better catch of it. Although we shouldnt persecute people for their beliefs, we shouldnt just accept others beliefs as truth right away before looking into it ourselves. Jean-Francois Lyotard, is arguably one of the almost important figures in the development of Postmodern thinking. Born in France in 1924, Lyotard grew up studying philosophy, and later became a teacher of the subject. By the 1970s Lyotards ideas for postmodernism began to form, specifically in the areas of meta-narratives.Meta-narratives, which are de scribed as grand truths, things that are believed to be universally accepted as truths, do not exist. Lyotard tried to change everything in life saying, Simplifying to the extreme, I define postmodern as incredulity towards metanarratives. Lyotard was the first to introduce this type of thinking that says everything needs to be destructuralized, there is no structure or metanarratives in our world. This idea of removing structure has been implemented in many things in our postmodern world today, we see it in art, music and architecture.Destructuralization is spartan as without structure in our world, people will be confused and there will be no rules, rather everyone will do as they see fit. This idea makes it hard to evangelize to people as our Christian views are structuralized, and we believe in an overarching truth. Lyotard introduced ideas of pluralism, saying that there is not just one truth, rather there are different truths for different purposes. He argued that Romes reli gious views had an advantage over monotheistic religions, because they had different gods each pertaining to a different area of life.He explains that this helps show that each of our human experiences are not all connected necessarily, and cannot all be grouped in concert into one overarching classification. This postmodern view is a direct contradiction to Christianity, in that Christians believe in one God and one way to heaven. This statement allows everyone to believe what they want without any guilt or accountability. This mindset does not leave room for anyone to be corrected as no one has experienced just now what another has, and therefore your opinions would not be relevant to another person.Lyotard also dealt with issues of technology, saying that with the advancements of technology we are provided with an infinite amount of entropy, and believes that eventually wars will be fought over control of information. Lyotard suggests that information in our postmodern age is b ecoming more of a business, people are producing it in order for it to be change to a select group of people. Lyotard says that information is no longer being used for the purpose of inspiration in order to come up with truths.He wants the information to be used for people to find their own truths, and understand different ideas, rather than just believing what they are told. There are some very real truths to this analysis, in that information is very powerful and can help form our opinions. By leaving information to one person or a select group of people the information is left to only one interpretation. The scriptures require many different interpretations in order for us to grasp a complete meaning of it, and we shouldnt just take the first interpretation we hear as truth, we need to analyze it ourselves.However, we shouldnt take this principle also far. Lyotard is implying that by having all this information accessible to us, we can pick and choose what we want to believe, a nd what we find as truth. Nevertheless, as Christians we need to match what we read to the scriptures to see if they line up, and if they dont, we shouldnt take them to be truth. All of Lyotards writings and ideas regarding postmodernism, strongly influenced it into what it is today. However, postmodernisms ideas are dangerous for us as Christians to follow.We need to look at what is going on around us in the world, and what people are thinking, and compare that to how God has told us to live in his word. Postmodern ideas are finding themselves into more and more aspects of our world. These ideas do not suggest Christianity to be truth, and go against the structure of Christianity. Though there are a few things we can take from Lyotards writings and other postmodern ideas, there is a vast majority of these ideas that are very false and non-conducive to a Christian life.Bibliography Bertens, Johannes Willem, Bertens Hans, Natoli Joseph P. Postmodernism. Malden, Massachusettes Wiley B lackwell, 2002. Simons, Herbert W. and Billig, Michael. After Postmodernism. Thousand Oaks, California Sage Publications, 1994. Connor, Steven. Postmodernist Culture. Cambridge, Massachusettes Blackwell Publishers, 1989. Grenz, Stanley J. A Primer on Postmodernism. Grand Rapids, Michigan Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1996. Eagleton, Terry. The Illusions of Postmodernism. Malden, Massachusettes Blackwell Publishers, 1996.

Developing Good Business Sense

Developing good enough Business Sense Axia College of University of Phoenix motorbus 210 Developing beneficial Business Sense June 29, 2008 The three companies I selected for this appointment argon McDonalds, Bose Corporation and Motorola. From the reading I was able-bodied to determine the employees organisational structure within this fellowships by which they puzzle intercourse their jobs. I willing review and outline the important kinds of Operations and Materials Management (OMM) processes these companies use, and how it affects their operations.Also, I will discuss how companies design their operating schemas to give them a competitive advantage. I will identify which components of operations and materials heed costs and the methods companies use to reduce them. McDonalds is a highly successful and well recognized brand drawing card of fast food restaurants located round the ball. They sell hamburgers and french fries as their elementary reapings, and they work with m any(prenominal) different food suppliers such as hamburger bun manufacturers, beef revealrs, produce suppliers and many other(a)s, to ensure their foods are as fresh as possible.McDonalds sells franchise slumps to local owner/operators which permit them to keep costs low and cancel high capital and plant investment funds costs. Since a great deal of McDonalds service is reliant on delivering nodes food fresh, McDonalds use the Just in cadence (JIT) scroll management clay. This system reviews stock inventory levels available against product usage, and arranges delivery and restocking to the restaurants just as inventory items are needed. This allows inventory to be unplowed to a minimum in each franchise location.Foods for the restaurants are non warehoused for days or weeks, and are expeditiously managed under this system so they are used quickly and, freshness is guaranteed. Each franchise owner keeps turn over costs down by managing store staff schedules agains t the peak node periods when the restaurant gets busy. Another technique McDonalds uses to keep distribution costs low, is to have soft drink companys ship only the soda syrup mix needed for each brand, which is then mixed with carbonated water system at the soda fountain in the store.McDonalds has also begun to employ the use of robotics to fetch up routine, repetitive tasks such as filling soda orders for the drive finished window and dumping fries into the kidskin maker, as a means of qualification their food quicker and less expensively. Over time the return on investment for these developments will pay off greatly in saved patience costs. Of course, the most important element in any McDonalds restaurants is that employees moldiness be organized and communicate effectively. redundant food equates to wasted money and if a special order is needed, staff must talk to each other to make sure it is done right the first time. By working unitedly as a team the cooks, preparati on staff, and cashiers help to keeps the orders organized and exertion is kept high. The Bose Corporation is a world renowned manufacturer of high-fidelity speakers and audio equipment. The companys ability to meet springerer demand for their products is conditional on the supply chain and accessibility of components needed to complete client orders.The company uses a supply chain network that is spread across the globe, with their primary source of over 50% of purchased components approach shot from the Far East. Logistics managers within the company obligate the responsibility of moving the vast amounts of equipment into production, based on a real time inventory management system called ProterLink. This system is able to locate supplies that are needed anywhere in the shipping chain, and divert them if necessary to meet an speed production schedule if necessary.This operational system gives Bose the advantage of meeting large customers orders without missing a beat. Trans portation costs associated with material proceeding and management from suppliers to their Bose production facility would be a key cost thoughtfulness for the company. If supplies needed to fill orders are transported efficiently and are timed to ensure to production schedules, costs would be level because unnecessary components would not take precious inventory space away from items that are in need to complete orders, thereby maximizing production effectiveness.Motorola, a global communications leader, is using a unique forward thinking production plan to bring their serve and products to market. In their self-named, factory of the future, custom made communication devices can be produced very quickly for customers, giving Motorola a competitive advantage. The process starts with gross revenue person who receives the order and inputs all of the customers customization preferences.This information is provided as a barcode and relayed to the production facility, which uses aut omation technology (robots) to produce the phone in amity with the customers wishes. Using robots gives Motorola a competitive advantage because they are able to mass produce large volumes of customized phones, with only a two-hour turnaround window. The ecumenic operational strategy in any business is to meet the goal of customer satisfaction. The companys reviewed accomplish that goal through improving eccentric and efficiency, and ultimately reducing costs. picDeveloping Good Business SenseDeveloping Good Business Sense Axia College of University of Phoenix BUS 210 Developing Good Business Sense June 29, 2008 The three companies I selected for this assignment are McDonalds, Bose Corporation and Motorola. From the reading I was able to determine the employees organizational structure within this companys by which they complete their jobs. I will review and outline the main kinds of Operations and Materials Management (OMM) processes these companies use, and how it affects their operations.Also, I will discuss how companies design their operating systems to give them a competitive advantage. I will identify which components of operations and materials management costs and the methods companies use to reduce them. McDonalds is a highly successful and well recognized brand leader of fast food restaurants located around the world. They sell hamburgers and french fries as their primary products, and they work with many different food suppliers such as hamburger bun manufacturers, beef producers, produce suppliers and many others, to ensure their foods are as fresh as possible.McDonalds sells franchise rights to local owner/operators which allow them to keep costs low and avoid high capital and plant investment costs. Since a great deal of McDonalds service is reliant on delivering customers food fresh, McDonalds use the Just in Time (JIT) inventory management system. This system reviews stock inventory levels available against product usage, and arranges deliv ery and restocking to the restaurants just as inventory items are needed. This allows inventory to be kept to a minimum in each franchise location.Foods for the restaurants are not warehoused for days or weeks, and are efficiently managed under this system so they are used quickly and, freshness is guaranteed. Each franchise owner keeps labor costs down by managing store staff schedules against the peak customer periods when the restaurant gets busy. Another technique McDonalds uses to keep distribution costs low, is to have soft drink companys ship only the soda syrup mix needed for each brand, which is then mixed with carbonated water at the soda fountain in the store.McDonalds has also begun to employ the use of robotics to complete routine, repetitive tasks such as filling soda orders for the drive through window and dumping fries into the fry maker, as a means of making their food quicker and less expensively. Over time the return on investment for these developments will pay o ff greatly in saved labor costs. Of course, the most important element in any McDonalds restaurants is that employees must be organized and communicate effectively.Wasted food equates to wasted money and if a special order is needed, staff must talk to each other to make sure it is done right the first time. By working together as a team the cooks, preparation staff, and cashiers help to keeps the orders organized and production is kept high. The Bose Corporation is a world renowned manufacturer of high-fidelity speakers and audio equipment. The companys ability to meet customer demand for their products is dependant on the supply chain and availability of components needed to complete customer orders.The company uses a supply chain network that is spread across the globe, with their primary source of over 50% of purchased components coming from the Far East. Logistics managers within the company bear the responsibility of moving the vast amounts of equipment into production, based on a real-time inventory management system called ProterLink. This system is able to locate supplies that are needed anywhere in the shipping chain, and divert them if necessary to meet an accelerated production schedule if necessary.This operational system gives Bose the advantage of meeting large customers orders without missing a beat. Transportation costs associated with material movement and management from suppliers to their Bose production facility would be a key cost consideration for the company. If supplies needed to fill orders are transported efficiently and are timed to correspond to production schedules, costs would be lower because unnecessary components would not take valuable inventory space away from items that are in need to complete orders, thereby maximizing production effectiveness.Motorola, a global communications leader, is using a unique forward thinking production plan to bring their services and products to market. In their self-named, factory of the futur e, custom made communication devices can be produced very quickly for customers, giving Motorola a competitive advantage. The process starts with sales person who receives the order and inputs all of the customers customization preferences.This information is provided as a barcode and relayed to the production facility, which uses automation technology (robots) to produce the phone in accordance with the customers wishes. Using robots gives Motorola a competitive advantage because they are able to mass produce large volumes of customized phones, with only a two-hour turnaround window. The universal operational strategy in any business is to meet the goal of customer satisfaction. The companys reviewed accomplish that goal through improving quality and efficiency, and ultimately reducing costs. picDeveloping Good Business SenseDeveloping Good Business Sense Axia College of University of Phoenix BUS 210 Developing Good Business Sense June 29, 2008 The three companies I selected for th is assignment are McDonalds, Bose Corporation and Motorola. From the reading I was able to determine the employees organizational structure within this companys by which they complete their jobs. I will review and outline the main kinds of Operations and Materials Management (OMM) processes these companies use, and how it affects their operations.Also, I will discuss how companies design their operating systems to give them a competitive advantage. I will identify which components of operations and materials management costs and the methods companies use to reduce them. McDonalds is a highly successful and well recognized brand leader of fast food restaurants located around the world. They sell hamburgers and french fries as their primary products, and they work with many different food suppliers such as hamburger bun manufacturers, beef producers, produce suppliers and many others, to ensure their foods are as fresh as possible.McDonalds sells franchise rights to local owner/operat ors which allow them to keep costs low and avoid high capital and plant investment costs. Since a great deal of McDonalds service is reliant on delivering customers food fresh, McDonalds use the Just in Time (JIT) inventory management system. This system reviews stock inventory levels available against product usage, and arranges delivery and restocking to the restaurants just as inventory items are needed. This allows inventory to be kept to a minimum in each franchise location.Foods for the restaurants are not warehoused for days or weeks, and are efficiently managed under this system so they are used quickly and, freshness is guaranteed. Each franchise owner keeps labor costs down by managing store staff schedules against the peak customer periods when the restaurant gets busy. Another technique McDonalds uses to keep distribution costs low, is to have soft drink companys ship only the soda syrup mix needed for each brand, which is then mixed with carbonated water at the soda fou ntain in the store.McDonalds has also begun to employ the use of robotics to complete routine, repetitive tasks such as filling soda orders for the drive through window and dumping fries into the fry maker, as a means of making their food quicker and less expensively. Over time the return on investment for these developments will pay off greatly in saved labor costs. Of course, the most important element in any McDonalds restaurants is that employees must be organized and communicate effectively.Wasted food equates to wasted money and if a special order is needed, staff must talk to each other to make sure it is done right the first time. By working together as a team the cooks, preparation staff, and cashiers help to keeps the orders organized and production is kept high. The Bose Corporation is a world renowned manufacturer of high-fidelity speakers and audio equipment. The companys ability to meet customer demand for their products is dependant on the supply chain and availabilit y of components needed to complete customer orders.The company uses a supply chain network that is spread across the globe, with their primary source of over 50% of purchased components coming from the Far East. Logistics managers within the company bear the responsibility of moving the vast amounts of equipment into production, based on a real-time inventory management system called ProterLink. This system is able to locate supplies that are needed anywhere in the shipping chain, and divert them if necessary to meet an accelerated production schedule if necessary.This operational system gives Bose the advantage of meeting large customers orders without missing a beat. Transportation costs associated with material movement and management from suppliers to their Bose production facility would be a key cost consideration for the company. If supplies needed to fill orders are transported efficiently and are timed to correspond to production schedules, costs would be lower because unnec essary components would not take valuable inventory space away from items that are in need to complete orders, thereby maximizing production effectiveness.Motorola, a global communications leader, is using a unique forward thinking production plan to bring their services and products to market. In their self-named, factory of the future, custom made communication devices can be produced very quickly for customers, giving Motorola a competitive advantage. The process starts with sales person who receives the order and inputs all of the customers customization preferences.This information is provided as a barcode and relayed to the production facility, which uses automation technology (robots) to produce the phone in accordance with the customers wishes. Using robots gives Motorola a competitive advantage because they are able to mass produce large volumes of customized phones, with only a two-hour turnaround window. The universal operational strategy in any business is to meet the go al of customer satisfaction. The companys reviewed accomplish that goal through improving quality and efficiency, and ultimately reducing costs. pic

Kingdom Fungi

Chapter 21 Notes Kingdom kingdom Fungi Name_________________________ 21-1 The Kingdom Fungi A. What Are Fungi? Fungi include MANY dissimilar types of organisms From tiny yeast kiosks To the one of the largest organisms in the world Fungi ar Multicellular (except for yeasts) Eukaryotic Heterotrophic Decomposers decompose dead and decaying material -Recyclers -Secrete enzymes OUTSIDE bodies affiance digested nutrients Hyphae long, slender, root- interchangeable filament Septa cross-walls across hyphae (not in all hyphae) Mycelium mat of interwoven hyphae o Large surface area = max food absorptionFruiting body reproductive structures, like picks o Many can develop from same mycelium o fairy rings Entire mycelium is haploid o (1 set of chromosomes) B. Structure & Function of Fungi Fungi cells have cell walls -Contain carbohydrate chitin also found in exoskeletons Unlike plants -Fungi DONT have chlorophyll -Fungi have chitin in cell walls (plants have cellulose) C. Reproduction in Fungi Most fungi re vex BOTH a knowledgeablely and sexually Asexual Reproduction Sporangia at the tip of sporangiophores produce haploid spores Fragmentation (breaking off) of hyphae can also produce new mycelia Sexual reproductionFungi form hyphae of opposite Sex o Called + & - The + & hyphae fuse and form gametangia o Makes gametes o Form a diploid zygote o Zygote undergoes meiosis haploid once again D. How Fungi Spread Fungal spores travel real easily in the air All they need is a good landing place with moisture & food Some fungi have special(prenominal) adaptations for spreading spores 21-2 Classification of Fungi A. 4 Phyla of Fungi Zygomycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota Deuteromycota Named for their reproductive structures B. Phylum Zygomycota Common molds o On bread, cheese, etcetera Black bread mold Rhizopus stoloniferReproduce asexually (spores) & sexually (zygospores) C. Phylum Ascomycota Sac Fungi o Conidia form spores asexually o The ascus contains diploid spores in se xual reproduction Examples yeast, cup fungi D. Phylum Basidiomycota Club Fungi 16,000 species mushrooms, puffballs, bracket fungi, morels Club-shaped reproductive structure Spores form in basidia o On the gills underneath mushroom cap Many wild mushrooms are poisonous E. Phylum Deuteromycota Imperfect Fungi Fungi with NO KNOWN sexual stage Reproduction just now asexually Ex Penicillium also pathogens like ringworm, athletes foot 1-3 Ecology of Fungi A. Fungi as Heterotrophs Most fungi are decomposers or saprobes Others are parasites (live on/in a living host) And others are symbionts live in symbiosis with other organisms Pleurotus ostreatus is actually a carnivore captures & take in roundworms ALL fungi, though, are heterotrophs B. Fungi as Decomposers External digestion Fungi decompose matter by secreting enzymes o break it down into simple organic molecules Fungus thus absorb those molecules C. Fungi as Parasites Plants and animals (humans) are subject to fungal diseases Plant s o Corn smut o Mildew o Wheat rustHumans & animals o jocks foot o Yeast infections (Candida albicans) o Ring worm o Cordyceps (kills grasshoppers) D. Symbiosis Symbiosis is a mutualistic relationship in which BOTH partners benefit Lichens = algae (or cyanobacteria) + fungus o On rocks, dry environments Mycorrhizae = plant roots + fungus o -80% of plants might have these o Fungi help the plants get water & minerals o Plants provide fungi w/ energy E. Fungi & Food Many foods are made using fungi Yeast (Saccharomyces) is used to make bread, beer, booze Cheeses (Brie, Blue, Roquefort) are made using mold (Penicillium)

Hades Essay

The ultimate danger lies within termination he worst failure in a move around is when the hero falls to the fiery grasp of Hell. Much like Odysseus a Greek hero whose tale can be found in The Odyssey Leopold roseola travels into Hades in episode six of Ulysses. The theme of death is a constant recurrence through forth Ulysses, and Hades, as its name implies, is the one chapter where death reigns. But Hades centers more on escaping Hell and returning to the land of the living. The heroes, in the face of death, come back to life. Odysseus and Bloom are mirro trigger-happy characters, and they both have managed to escape the Underworld.This essays main goal will be to analyses the Homeric parallels between Odysseus journey in the Underworld and Blooms travel to Payday Diagrams funeral, a real-life journey into the depths of Hell. prime(prenominal) of all, the Homeric parallels in episode six begin with the use of the number eleven. (l should note right a route that the funeral for Payday Digamma begins at eleven a. M. ) Eleven is an essential patch of the episode, breachce it is a number that represents sin and death. To understand wherefore eleven is considered a bad number, we must go back to old times.In ancient societies, pacifically Christian and/or Catholic cultures, the Decoupage, or the Ten Commandments, was used as a course credit into writing laws. The number ten-spot was considered a holy number, because there were ten fundamental laws to be followed in Catholic communities. Seeing as the number eleven oversteps ten, it was considered by many to be a transgression of law and of sin (Saint- Augustine, 464). Both Homer and Joyce were aware of the symbolism of the number eleven. The two authors went out of their way to weave the number into their works.However, the two writers did not use eleven as a symbol of in, but rather death. For example, in Homers The Iliad, Achilles grants the Trojan eleven days to complete Hectors funeral rites before t he battle recommences. (Bell, 404) If we were to compare The Iliad with The Odyssey, we would see a likeness in the funeral rites. When Odysseus descends into the Underworld, he meets the ghost of one of his men, Lovelorn, who had fallen to his death when he fell asleep in the tower on Circles island. Lovelorn begs Odysseus to give him a proper funeral, just as Hector had received.Lets now switch over to Ulysses because Diagrams funeral begins at eleven clock, Digamma is a parallel to Lovelorn, who is a parallel of Hector. These parallels explain why Joyce uses the number eleven in Hades. But enough about numbers. Lees discuss parallels in the novel. Joyce has a habit of linking each chapter in some way or another. By this, mean themes and concepts from previous chapters parallel chapters further on in the novel. For example, Sirens focused on the element of sound, whereas Cyclops contrasts and concentrates on sight. Similarly, Hades is a parallel to Protests with its life and deat h themes.At the beginning of episode three, the themes of life and earth appear spryly. Stephen encounters a midwife carrying a bag he thinks the bag holds a miniskirt with a trailing nevermore, hushed in ruddy wool. (3. 36) Midwives are seen as a symbol of birth, because they assist women giving birth. However, the chapters theme quickly switches when Stephen realizes the gratify is deceased. The ruddy wool solidifies this mood change in chapter four, we learn that Blooms son, named Rudy, had passed away around ten years ago. Rudy had been buried in a ruddy red wool sweater.With Stephen thinking of his dead mother, and his seeing a dead dog n the beach, the concept of death is present throughout the episode. By contrast, Hades begins with an immediate mention of death. Bloom, Martin Cunningham, Simon Deals and Jack Power are heading to Payday Diagrams funeral. Just like when we get a glimpse of death in the life chapter Protests, we get a glimpse of life in the death chapter Had es. As Bloom climbs into the carriage to get to the cemetery, he wipes off bits of crumbs on his suit. These crumbs are a reference to the potted meat (17. 124-5) we see on Mollys bed the crumbs are a metaphor for copulating, and thus birth and fife. The main difference between Protests and Hades is that, in episode six, the theme of death is far more elaborated. From the coffin-tight carriage the men travel in, to the cattle being shipped off to the slaughterhouse, to the mention of Blooms fathers suicide, to the rats crawling out from the graves, Joyce has created a real-life depiction of Hell. What is scary about this episode is the fact that, given the God of Deaths reputation in Greek and Roman literature, if Bloom really is descending into Hades, he may not make it out.Greek mythology describes Hades as the God f the Dead. According to legends, the lord of the Underworld kept a close eye on the dead souls, ensuring they do not flee the Underworld. One of Homers plays, The Odys sey, recounts Odysseus managing to escape from Hades. Odysseus was lucky, since not many heroes have succeeded in escaping the Underworld. The very fact that anyone had been able to break out of the Underworld is a miracle. With this in mind, we are left to wonder if Bloom can make it out of the cemetery alive. The descent into Hell is seen as a dangerous, but also heroic act, especially in Greek and Roman literature.

Rate of Vaporization Design Lab Essay

How does changing the fold area of a sample of water affect the time taken for the water to travail?Background By changing the containers of the water, the surface area of the water is thus being modified as the same volume of water is spread out over smaller or larger surfaces. The round being compared is the time each sample of water will take before it reaches the boiling point, nose candy C. The relationship between the surface area and this amount of time will be obstinate by comparing the circular area of each container to the time.The independent variant manipulated in this lab is surface area, which will be varied by filling the water into different sized containers. The dependent variable being measured is the time taken to boil in seconds. This will therein tell us the rate of boiling, a measure of the rate of vaporization. Variables that must be controlled while performing this experiment admit the temperature of the water and the volume of the water.Materials petr i dish test tube 80 mL beaker three hundred mL beaker gradatory cylinder 5 50 mL samples of distilled water Bunsen burner metal ring stand thermometer stopwatchMethod1. beak in cm the radius of each the petri dish, test tube, graduated cylinder, and two beakers. code the area of each. 2. Pour 50 mL of distilled water into petri dish. Repeat for test tube, graduated cylinder, 80 and 300 mL beakers. 3. Set up Bunsen burner and metal ring stand. Place petri dish with distilled water on metal ring stand. Place thermometer in petri dish. 4. Turn on gas / Bunsen burner. Start stopwatch.5. Measure with stopwatch the time it takes until the thermometer reads 100 C (boiling point of water). Record this time. 6. Repeat steps 1 5 four more times. 7. Repeat above procedure using the test tube, graduated cylinder, and two beakers.

H2So3

H2SO3 stifling red-hot is the chemical blend with the formula H2SO3. H2SO3 is a clear, colorless liquid with a sulfurous odor. It is a anaemic acid that is formed when sulfur dioxide is dissolved in water system. Sulfurous acid is used as a bleaching and chemical reducing agent that is often used in medicine, throat and nasal sprays and skin lotions. Antiseptics, anti-fermentative, and antizymotics involve sulfites that are formed from the acid. This compound is only stable in aqueous solutions, and decomposes back into sulfur dioxide and water when left standing.In addition, sulfurous acid is a crucial component to acid rain (1). H2SO3 causes burns in all exposure routes, its target organs are the respiratory system if inhaled, eyes through position contact, skin through direct contact and gastrointestinal system if ingested. However, there is no chronic wellness hazards with H2SO3 (2). If Sulfurous acid is inhaled medical attention should be sought-after(a) out immediately, t he individual should be withdraw from the exposure to a more ventilated area with fresh air.If breathing remains difficult group O should be given, mouth to mouth should not be given if Sulfurous acid is inhaled or ingested. If Sulfurous acid makes direct contact to the eyes the eyes should be flushed immediately with a owing(p) deal of water for 15 minutes while lifting the lower and upper lids of the eye. medical attention should be sought out. If direct contact is made to the skin medical attention again should be sought out immediately. The skin should be flushed with water for 15 minutes and the contaminated vesture removed.And lastly, if the compound should be ingested vomiting should not be induced, medical attention should be sought out and envenom control contacted. (2) Having exposure to to this compounds decomposition product sulfur dioxide in the air can reduce lung crop and increase the likelihood of respiratory diseases and symptoms it has also been known to caus e irritation of the eyes, nose and throat along with premature mortality. The elderly, children and individuals suffering already from respiratory conditions such as asthma are at a higher risk than most (3).Environments storing or utilizing this compound should be furnished with an eyewash station and a safety shower. and the compound should only be used under a fume hood. Protective eyewear, gloves and clothing should be worn when dealing with Sulfurous acid. In addition, a respirator protection program should be in used. The compound should be stored in a cool, dry place in a tightly closed container. Spills of Sulfurous acid should be absorbed with inert material and put in onto give up container.Wear a self contained breathing apparatus and appropriate personal protection. (2) The material that is left behind and cannot be saved or recycled should be managed in an appropriate waste facility where it can be analyse for specific organization requirements. Some state and local disposal regulations differ from federal requirement. It is crucial that the disposal of the container and unused material meets federal, state and local disposal requirements. (2) Bibliography 2. DuPont. (2006, October 14).Sulfur dioxideMaterial Safety Data Sheet. Retrieved from http//msds. dupont. com/msds/pdfs/EN/PEN_09004a2f8000730a. pdf 1. D. Sulzle, M. Verhoeven, J. K. Terlouw, H. Schwarz (1988). Generation and video of Sulfurous Acid (H2SO3) and of Its Radical Cation as Stable Species in the Gas Phase. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 27 15334. 3. Ostro, Bart. 1994. Estimating the health Effects of Air Pollutants A Method with an Application to Jakarta. Policy Research Working Paper 1301.

Multigrade Teaching Strategies Essay

Every scholar has their own aspirations on life and that is the reason why some educatees are fly the cooping by chastity of aiming their own aspirations. Students of SSCT also dupe their own aspirations. Some of them are friendly that they belong to the economic-stable families where their family basin nutrition them in altogether aspects that they need compare to the assimilators who work while analyse. Academic performance of the students depends on the factors that touch it. These include variant aspects that they need to plant in order to attain their goals in life.Full snip students hurt their advantages when it comes to their performance in school because they only focus on their own works in particular in school activities. They are most capable in joining some activities pertaining to improve their unhomogeneous skills that lead them to excel their performance schoolmanally. Full prison term students do not worry on the things that they do and they go for th do because their cadence are not divided when it comes to household chores and school activities.They are lucky not because they are not on the job(p) to sustain their school needs but because they are utilise to only focus on their aims that they set in life and how to attain it. They are also neces hinge onous on the things they want to. They can easily cope with school problems that need a lot of efforts to adjust on the situation. When it comes to financial aspects they easily pay for it without any doubt to tell to their parents and ask for it. Full time students are really blessed as they only focus on the right track that leads them to the roadway of success.On the other hand, working while report carding is a burden among working students. They have to attain up and set aside their social needs. Working students give their time in working and weighing their lessons in school. Most of them have lack of sleep but still need to work and go to school. Due to school wo rks, working students do not have time for themselves even on their private needs. Most of them do not care on how they look as long as they precede school and listen to the discussion of the teacher. Because of their eagerness to finish their studies, they forget to care about their health.They almost forgot to drop their social life with friends, to live life, to experience their youth and do things that a normal person does. With their eagerness to succeed in life, they let the years go by without even thinking the present. Thus, full time and working students are both have the eagerness to a success but differ into various aspects on traveling the road of success for they have their own advantages and disadvantages to carry on to their road of success. canvass of Literature Today, students can put dope in their veins or hope in their brains.If they can bear it and believe it, they can achieve it. They must know it is not their aptitude but their attitude that will determin e their altitude (Jackson, 2006). Socio-Economic Factor Education provides individual children with the knowledge and skills necessary to advance themselves and their nation economically. socioeconomic factors, such as family income level, parents level of education, race and gender, all influence the quality and avai testing groundility of education as salubrious as the ability of education to improve life circumstances (Jennifer, 2007).Danesy (2006), complimenting environmental and socio-economic factors to produce mellowed academic achievements and performance include good teaching, counseling, good administration, good seating arrangement and good building. naughty level of illiteracy, poverty and low socio-economic status coupled with tall rate of paternal and maternal want of student academic needs, which was necessitated by poor socio-economic situation of the country has thrown umteen farmers and old awkward dwellers into untold financial problems such as poverty, lac k of m one and only(a)y to purchase necessary textbooks and working materials for their kids. in like manner many rural and suburban dwellers can no longer pay the school fees of their wards. These ugly situations have promoted young school students to drop out of school to engage in subsistence farming and become housemaids or engage in other menial jobs to support their academic pursuit. Hence, many students have since taken cultivation as a secondary assignment and school attention on rotational basis.Socio-economic factors like attendance in the class, family income, and mothers and fathers education, teacher-student ratio, presence of trained teacher in school, fire of student and distance of school are also moved(p) the performance of the students (Raychauduri, 2010). Physical Factor irrespective of the reason for working, trying to meet the multiple and sometimes conflicting simultaneous demands of the roles of student, employee, parent, and so on oftentimes creates high levels of stress and anxiety, making it less likely that students will complete their degrees (Kasworm 2010).There is a curtain raising a working student will have trouble finding time to study. If you have a job, you automatically have less time to do everything you want to (Corbett 2009). Mental Ability A classifiable response from faculty members and administrators who are asked how much undergraduate students should work at paying jobs while be college. Available research supports this recommendation. Quantitative studies consistently show that retention rates are higher for students who work a modest number of hours per week (ten to fifteen) than they are for students who do not work at all or those who work more than fifteen hours per week.Research also shows increased academic success for students working on rather than off campus. Umbach (2005), associate professor of higher education at North Carolina republic University, and his co-authors demonstrate the educational benefits to working students when their instructors encourage cooperative learning, set high expectations for student achievement, and create assignments that aim students to demonstrate deep learning. A campus teaching center may also support faculty efforts to garter working students. Family FactorGuidance is of the factor through which a student can improve his study attitudes and study habits and is directly proportional to academic achievement. The students who are properly guided by their parents have performed well in the exams. The guidance from the teacher also presumes the student performance. The guidance from the parents and the teachers indirectly affect the performance of the students (Hussain, 2006). Students academic accomplishments and activities, perceptions of their coping strategies and arrogant attributions, and background characteristics (i. . , family income, parents level of education, guidance from parents and number of negative situations in the home) w ere indirectly think to their composite scores, through academic achievement (Noble 2008). Environmental Factor There are so many factors that can contribute to your academic performance. Noise, distractions, etc. can affect you in studying. Light, review materials, and others should be conducive to learning. However, there are some cases that students choose to have a bit of distractions.For instance, a student top executive want to listen to music while studying. Others might want to watch TV while doing this. Its actually a case-to-case basis (Debate Society, biology professor, etc. 2008). The academic environment is the effective variable for students and has positive relationship with fathers education and grade level (Kirmani & Siddiquah, 2008). The student has to have an advantageous atmosphere to learn, not one which is disadvantageous to learning.If the student feels the need to participate, rather than being forced to and possibly be humiliated as a result, the student i s apt to learn that much more (Bea 2009). How do you expect a student to perform great if they are sitting in a dimly lit room where they cant hardly see what the professor is writing on the whiteboard, in room located near to an extremely busy train station or to have only a chair (to sit on) making it difficult to take notes or even open a book (Linda, 2010). Young, 2010), held the view that student performances are linked with use of library and level of their parental education. The use of the library positively affected the student performance. The students who are actively engage in the learning process are observed to have a positive correlation with the CGP. A Study effort from student and the proper use of the facilities provided by the institution to the student, a good match between learning style of the students and are positively affect the performance of the students (Ali, 2009). Karemera, 2005) found that performance of the students is evidentiaryly correlated with satisfaction with academic environment and the facilities of library, computer lab and etc. in the institution. With regard to background variables, he found a positive effect of high school performance and school achievement he found no statistical evidence of significant association between family income level and academic performance of the student.Synthesis.The above mentioned reviews are related to the present study in the same that it accounts for the similarities of findings specifically on the factors affecting the academic performance of the 2nd year and tertiary year BEED students in SSCT. Conceptual Framework The factors that affect to the academic performance of the 2nd year and tertiary year BEED students are complex and numerous. Hence, the researchers only need those that are commonly encountered by the students. This study is anchored in some related concepts for its framework.It includes the respondents profile in terms of age, sex, student status, religious stan d and occupation of parents and the factors affecting the academic performance of the 2nd year and 3rd year BEED students that will be basic to come up with a quality research output. Each individual has its potential and content to conduct a certain research study. However, these are some factors or aspects that would affect in doing this multifariousness of work. It must be considered by the researchers in order to have a better result.

Informative Speech Outline, Children and Violence Essay

global Purpose/ Goal To predicate.Specific Goal I want my sense of hearing to know more round TV vehemence and childrens exposure to it. Thesis Statement My informative speech is press release to inform you almost the definition of violence, how the media rates violence, and childrens exposure to media violence. Organizational Pattern TopicalINTRODUCTIONI. Mahatma Gandhi said, An optic for an eye will only make the whole world blind. II. Today I am going to inform you about the issues of TV violence and the impact of the contents exposure to children. III. I am non a p arnt myself however this issue should be of concern to each and every one of you beca substance abuse children are our future and we should do what we preserve to keep our futures looking bright. IV. From the definition of violence, how the media rates violence, and childrens exposure to media violence. (Transition With that existence said, let me tell you about what the definition of violence is and what is considered to be ferocious.)BODYI. What is considered to be violent can vary greatly, depending on the people you address. A.As stated in the Merriam-Websters dictionary, violence is defined as, an exertion of tangible force so as to injure or abuse (as in warfare effecting illegal inlet into a house) and/or, an instance of violent treatment or procedure. B. According to law.yourdictionary.com, violence is defined as, the use of physical force, especially physical force utilized with malice and/or the attempt to revile someone. C. twain of these definitions are pretty similar, basically meaning violence is anything involving the use of physical force to cause harm to others.1. delirium can be anything from punching someone in the face to something more severe, such as sharp someone with a knife and killing them. 2.Law enforcement punishes people that act violently and the severity of the punishment depends on the age of the criminal and the type of violence committed. (Trans ition With that knowledge of what violence is, let me inform you of how the media rates violence.) II. The media has a ordinary guideline for the suitability of shows for different age groups. A.Television shows have audience ratings, designed to help show up which audience the TV program is appropriate for. 1.TV-Y, which is appropriate for all children, targeting children from ages 2-6 yrs. Old. 2.TV-Y7, directed to older children. Ages 7yrs. old and up. 3.TV-G, general audience.4.TV-PG, parental guidance suggested. May contain material that parents may find unsuitable for younger children. Including chink violence, some sexual situations, infrequent coarse language, or some suggestive dialogue. 5.TV-14, parents strongly cautioned. Ages 14 yrs. and up. To let in intense violence, intense sexual situations, strong coarse language, or intensely suggestive dialogue. 6.TV-MA, mature audience only. Unsuitable for children under 17. Contains graphic violence, explicit sexual activity, or crude indecent language. B.Even though on that point are warnings for the material that you are about to view on the TV, these warnings dont physically period you from watching the content that isnt appropriate for your age group.(Transition Now that you see the relationship between media and violence, lets talk about my last main point, which is childrens exposure to media violence.) III. With the media increasing the amount of violent shows aired, children are becoming more exposed to the content. A. The media doesnt necessarily target children as their main audience, merely children nowadays do have more access to exposure of it on TV, whether it is due to the lack of parents watch over what children watch or the mere public airing of it. B.According to the American Academy of Pediatrics website, they found that childrens shows had the most violence of all television programming and that statistics read that some cartoons average twenty acts of violence in one hour, and by the age of eighteen children will have seen 16,000 simulated murders and 200,000 acts of violence on television. 1.The American Academy of Pediatrics website also says that, Television programs display 812 violent acts per hour childrens programming, especially cartoons, displays up to 20 violent acts hourly.C.The American Academy of Child and youthful Psychiatry says that, hundreds of studies of the personal effects of TV violence on children and teenagers have found that children may create immune or numb to the wickedness of violence, gradually accept violence as a way to solve problems, imitate the violence they observe on television and identify with certain characters, victims and/or victimizers. D.Professor Craig Anderson testified before the U.S. Senate Commerce Committee hearing in 2004, stating three effects of exposure to media violence, short-term effects aggression increases immediately after viewing a violent TV show or movie, and it lasts for at least 20 minute s. Long term effects children who watch a lot of violent shows become more violent as adults than they would have become had they not been exposed to so much TV and movie violence. Long-term and short-term effects croak to both boys and girls.CONCLUSIONI. In conclusionII. I have told you about the definition of violence, how the media uses violence for entertainment, and about childrens exposure to TV violence. III. Please take this information to heart, when youre sitting down on your lazy boy recliner after work and trying to choose something to watch on TV. IV. So I ask you, is your eye really worth the violence?Works CitedACT Against Violence Media Violence & Children At Home. Adults and Children Together Against Violence Web Site. N.p., 2013. Web. 13 Feb. 2013. . Adams, Nicole. How Tv Violence Affects Kids LIVESTRONG.COM.LIVESTRONG.COM Lose Weight & write down Fit with Diet, Nutrition & Fitness Tools LIVESTRONG.COM. N.p., 20 July 2012. Web. 19 Feb. 2013. . Children and T V Violence. American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. N.p., Nov. 2002. Web. 13 Feb. 2013. . Media Violence and Childrens Play. Sacramento City College. Child Action, Inc, n.d. Web. 19 Feb. 2013. . Media Violence, Sex Threaten Kids, Pediatricians formulate ABC

Drama and Literacy in the classroom Essay

The widespread saturation of non-literary narrative forms with which students interact in modern society has resulted in a distinct change in the methods and means of literacy skills and education. Researches have observed that advantages exist for students who are enrolled in cross-discipline curriculums and specific evidence exists to show that the use of drama at bottom a classroom setting provides and ample boost to the educational experiences and efficacy of students.The TES has reported on research from shorthorn University which found that primary pupils academic performance may improve if their schools devote time to drama. Children from inner-London primaries achieved better than anticipate results in maths and reading tests after their schools took part in an outreach project run by the national Theatre. (Literacy Trust) Such a boost is the result of the multifaceted levels of plungement and interactivity that drama provides for students.In addition to boosting liter acy and math skills, researches have discovered that drama also enhances utter and listening skills, which, in turn, enhance performances across the spectrum of bookworm activity drama can be a powerful tool to develop childrens speaking and listening skills National Theatre children learned to speak more clearly and listen more attentively than their matches. (Literacy Trust)Other cited benefits are children who participated in drama in the classroom reported an increased enjoyment of school, higher(prenominal) self-esteem and self-confidence, a clearer ability to set and meet goals, and an enhanced understanding and interest in the fanciful arts When drama is used in literature-based reading programs, it often remains as simulated billet play to recall and/or provide an alternative ending for all or part of a story. In order for a drama activity to enhance both literary and literacy development, the activities must engage the children in a thorough reading of the story. (Hertzb erg, 1998) The success of drama-enhanced curriculums may be connected to human top dog function, thus demonstrating an organic merit to the dramatic form as a teaching technique and educational aid. Education is now beginning to take account of recent research into the way the brain kit and boodle and the ways in which children learn and to relate this to the teaching and learning of todays curriculum. The result is potential to be an increase in creative and multi-sensory approaches to teaching, linked to clearly defined learning objectives.(Neelands, Baldwin & Fleming, 2003, p. 4) Because drama requires involution in group-work and interaction with sets of individuals all working toward a shared goal, text-work through dramatic readings and performances, creates a sense datum of shared ownership through which children can investigate and develop characters, fill the gaps left in the text, go the subtext, and use their imaginations to bridge the divide between writer and reade r, integrating and encompassing all aspects of literacy.(Neelands, Baldwin, and Fleming 5) Perhaps more or less importantly of all, the participation in drama encourages students to engage with texts emotionally, intellectually, and with a vested interest and connection to the material which seems to be absent from traditional learning methods. Drama creates motivation for students to participate and facilitates students responses in reading instruction dramatization is a seed of scaffolding for emergent readers by providing rich background experiences for future reading dramatization leads students to develop symbolic representation, which is the uniform concept children require in order to understand the alphabetic principle. (Lin,2003). Other benefits certainly exist within the drama enhanced curriculum only practice of the theoretic techniques and research will fully give away the potential for this type of dynamic educational process. References Hertzberg, M. (1998). Theor y into Practice Using Drama to Enhance Literacy Development.Australian Journal of Language and Literacy, 21(2), 159+. Neelands, J. , Baldwin, P. , & Fleming, K. (2003). Teaching Literacy through Drama Creative Approaches. London RoutledgeFalmer. www. literacytrust. org. uk 3-31-07, accessed 4-9-07. http//www. literacytrust. org. uk/Database/drama. htmltest Lin,Chia-Hui. Literacy precept through Communicative and Visual Arts The Clearinghouse on Reading, English, and Communication Digest 186 12-03, Accessed 4-10-07. http//reading. indiana. edu/ieo/digests/d186. html

Why did the camp David summit in 2000 Collapse Essay

why did the camp David summit in 2000 Collapse - Essay Examplehe favorite spot for talks due to its previous successes such as 1978s Camp David Accords whereby the then United States President jimmy Carter brokered a peace deal between Egypt and Israel, and 1993s Oslo Accord on the Final post Settlement which provided agreement should be reached between Palestinians and Israelis on all outstanding issues primarily based on historical injustices with which the negotiations, which were for the most part verbal neither fulfilled Palestinians or Israeli interests thus the snap of the summit (Finkelstein, 2005, pp.39-53). The two parties failed to agree over the following issues, the so-called final status settlement, and which formed the pedestal of negotiationThe Palestinians refugees demanded full implementation right of return which included Each refugee to be granted the excerption of returning back to his/her home, with property restored and/or accept compensation. This would m ean a concession by Israel which translates to demographic overwhelming of Israel since the first Arab-Israeli war led to movement of a significant number of Palestinian Arabs or so 750000 from Israel whom by today is slightly over four million people inclusive of their descendants. Socially, Israel observed this influx could jeopardize its Judaic character and majority of the decision makers maintained that a large number of Jewish refugees were expelled from Arab countries and that they were never compensated, ruling out the demands of restoration of property and/or compensation to Palestinians by Israel, which at that commove was against the will and demands of Palestinians. Economically, an international fund worth$30 billion was to be set up in a bid to help resettle the refugees in their present place of inhabitance at an expense of Israel stepwise absorbing 150,000 refugees a year a proposal which at first did not favor Israel alone Palestinians in a nutshell and in the long run analysis.Israel on their side strongly