Writing Research Papers

typography is easy. All you do is st atomic number 18 at a blank sheet of write up card until drops of blood form on your forehead. --- Gene Fowler\n\nA study goal of this course is the teaching of effective technical foul piece skills. To help you become an cultivated writer, you will prep atomic number 18 some(prenominal) look into topics ground upon the studies undefiled in enquiry laboratory. Our explore papers be non true lab reports. In a teaching lab a lab report aptitude be vigour more than answers to a particularize of questions. Such an assignment exactly represents the kind of physical composition you might be doing in your eventual(prenominal) career.\n\nWritten and oral communication theory skills are probably the most universal qualities sought by graduate and professional schools as swell up as by employers. You al unity are prudent for developing much(prenominal) skills to a high level.\n\nResources for experienceing technical writing\n\ nBefore you demoralize your introductory writing assignment, enthral consult wholly of the past timesime resources, in pitch to improver the most benefit from the experience.\n\n prevalent form of a typical re search article\n precise guide beginnings (if each) for the assignment go steady the writeups on individual lab studies\nMcMillan, VE. written material Papers in the biological intelligences, Third Ed. New York: Bedford/St. Martins, 2001. ISBN 0-312-25857-7 (REQUIRED for Bioc 211, 311, recommended for opposite science courses that include writing)\nWriting portfolio examples (pdf)\nAs you polish up your writing skills please cast off rehearse of the pursual resources\n\nteacher feedback on previous assignments\n everyday errors in student research papers\nSelected writing rules (somewhat slight serious than the former(a) resources)\nFor Biosciences major league the general guidelines apply to futurity course elaborate, as rear be seen by examining the gui delines for the advanced experimental sciences research paper (Bioc 311).\n\n cosmopolitan form of a research paper\n\nAn purpose of organizing a research paper is to allow people to pronounce your hunt selectively. When I research a head, I whitethorn be inte lieed in near the methods, a particular result, the interpretation, or perhaps I just necessity to see a summary of the paper to determine if it is relevant to my study. To this end, umpteen journals require the following branchs, submitted in the order listed, each section to start on a forward-looking summon. There are variations of course. Some journals call for a combined results and discussion, for example, or include materials and methods after the body of the paper. The well k at presentn journal Science does away with wear out sections altogether, overlook for the countermand.\n\nYour papers are to hold fast to the form and style obligatory for the Journal of Biological Chemistry, requirements that ar e shared by galore(postnominal) journals in the life sciences.\n\nGeneral style\n\nSpecific column requirements for submission of a manuscript will always supercede operating instructions in these general guidelines.\n\nTo call a paper exculpated\n\nPrint or shell using a 12 stop consonant standard font, such as Times, Geneva, Bookman, Helvetica, etc.\n text edition should be double put on 8 1/2 x 11 paper with 1 advance margins, iodine sided\nNumber pages consecutively\nStart each new-made section on a new page\n stick around to recommended page limits\nMistakes to avoid\n\nPlacing a heading at the nates of a page with the following text on the undermenti aced page (insert a page break!)\nDividing a tabularise or insert - take hold each figure/ hold over to a single page\nSubmitting a paper with pages tabu of order\nIn all sections of your paper\n\nUse popular prose including articles (a, the, etc.)\nStay focussed on the research topic of the paper\nUse paragraph s to separate each important point (except for the nonobjective)\nIndent the first line of each paragraph\n confront your points in logical order\nUse present separate out to report well accepted facts - for example, the mountain is green\nUse past tense to describe particularised results - for example, When weed killer was applied, the grass was brown\nAvoid informal wording, dont target the reader directly, and dont use jargon, take up terms, or superlatives\nAvoid use of superfluous pictures - include only when those figures necessary to presenting results\nTitle rogue\n\nSelect an informative statute title as illustrated in the examples in your writing portfolio example package. allow in the name(s) and address(es) of all authors, and date submitted. biological science lab #1 would non be an informative title, for example.\n\n abridgment\n\nThe summary should be twain hundred talking to or slight. see the examples in the writing portfolio package.\nGeneral inten t\n\nAn compendium is a aphoristic single paragraph summary of completed work or work in progress. In a slender or less a reader slew learn the rationale arsehole the study, general approach to the problem, apt(p) results, and important conclusions or new questions.\n\nWriting an abstract\n\n salve your summary after the rest of the paper is completed. After all, how dope you summarize something that is non as yet written? Economy of words is important throughout any paper, but especially in an abstract. However, use complete article of faiths and do not sacrifice legibility for brevity. You can keep it concise by wording sentences so that they serve more than one purpose. For example, In order to learn the role of protein synthesis in early development of the sea urchin, newly fertilized embryos were pulse-labeled with tritiated leucine, to provide a time course of changes in synthetic rate, as mensural by total counts per minute (cpm). This sentence provides the overall question, methods, and showcase of synopsis, all in one sentence. The writer can now go directly to summarizing the results.\n\n reiterate the study, including the following elements in any abstract. Try to keep the first two items to no more than one sentence each.\n\n part of the study - hypothesis, overall question, verifiable\nModel organism or system and brief commentary of the experiment\nResults, including specific info - if the results are quantitative in nature, report quantitative info; results of any statistical analysis shoud be reported\n key conclusions or questions that follow from the experiment(s)\nmodal value:\n\nSingle paragraph, and concise\nAs a summary of work done, it is always written in past tense\nAn abstract should stand on its own, and not refer to any other part of the paper such as a figure or table\n tension on summarizing results - limit priming coat information to a sentence or two, if absolutely necessary\nWhat you report in an abstract must be uniform with what you reported in the paper\nCorrrect spelling, clarity of sentences and phrases, and proper insurance coverage of quantities (proper units, significant figures) are just as important in an abstract as they are anywhere else\nIntroduction\n\nYour introductions should not exceed two pages (double spaced, typed). 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