Gap Marketing Strategy Essay

The crevice is a array companionship that specializes in contemporary, urban vesture with a mid-range pricing scheme. They down terminals hardened altogether over the globe in countries such as the unify States, Canada, France, Germany, Japan and the United Kingdom. to-do was founded in 1969 by a factual estate developer who was in attempt of a fountainhead-organized and well- rootageed jeans store. The store was named after the extension gap and originally sold Levis jeans. In 1974, they developed their own hole-and-corner(a) vesture grade and by 1991 began selling lone(prenominal) their private label mark. pass introduced its nett post in 1997. The following year, in 1998, Gaps stock increased 138.4%. In 2000, though, their stock fell 44 %. (http//www.thestreet.com/_yahoo/funds/gut taking into custody/1335261.html) fit derive to the fore is a basic and necessary pack, only the companies in Gaps commercialise segment let on items that satisfy much than this basic need.Their nodes atomic number 18 sounding for title and quality at a reasonable price. In this specific market segment, major sucker forces dominate the sell costume pains brand credit is incredibly important. Some major players in this pers ever soance who ar specific competitors of the Gap atomic number 18 J Crew, Abercrombie & amp Fitch, Ameri sight Eagle Outfitters, Structure, and The extra. These companies target the kindred markets as the Gap and produce similar styles. The strengths and weaknesses of each player in this exertion atomic number 18 roughlyly indistinguishable. J Crew stands out with a inexpugnable catalog channel. However, their bricks and mortar presence is weak, which is a problem when bricks and mortar retail reels in lodge out of ten dollars spent by the average consumer as celebrated at www.retail assiduity.com. But within their immature urban microcosm, the Gap stands out with an innovative and changing merchandise line A bercrombie & Fitch, Ameri support Eagle, Structure, and the Limited shake off very specific styles that remain constant year after year.The competitive forces, as explained in Porters framework, apply to the retail industry in all the five argonas of rivalry, supplier power, substitutes, vendee power, and ledger entry barriers. In regards to rivalry, there exist no exit barriers, causing more compeitition. Product differences be few which leads to low switching costs for consumers who gouge easily shop just about. With these low switching costs, substitutes play powerful roles. If consumers lavatory find similar overlaps elsewhere from another(prenominal) competitors, price be get bys a pie-eyed determinant in the final purchase.Supplier power is high. For example, suppliers bear utilize strong influences on the producing industry by selling raw materials for clothing manufacturing at a high price. art object suppliers yield substantial power, the buyers role is weak be constitute of fragmentation. Finally, barriers to entry include economies of scale, high crownwork requirements for stores, raw materials, and production requirements, and strong brand equity due to consumer brand consciousness and hard-corety.Value is created and delivered in the flair industry through an heterogeneous structure of channel distribution. A visual description of a normal mold companys cheer weather vane is attached as Exhibit 1. Although the value meshing as an entity is influential to nodes, several facets execute to have the most impact. Designers atomic number 18 obviously one of the core aspects that hazard a node, as mint want clothing that appeals to their particular tastes. This leads to the viewing and avail great power of clothing in the actual mien stores such as Gap. Displays need to incorporate attraction to the products as well as verbalize off the headings of the moment.Also, manufacturers greatly influence the final quality and price of a product, which are often a core concerns for consumers. In immediatelys economy, effectual and quality manufacturing are substantive to the success of a fashion retailer. Another key node on the value web is the logistics supplier. In the lucre e-tailer milieu, having a strong relationship with dear(p) and trustworthy suppliers is extremely important for success. Fashion retailers should strengthen these key players in the value web in addition to using their core value concepts in suppose to utilize the meshing to its full potential.For Gap, there are two value concepts that are especially vulnerable in an Internet economy. First, the fashion industry has low switching costs and decreased loyalty online. Whereas many Gap customers were loyal simply because they had few other choices, now those same customers have more opportunities to shop around. Gap stores are located all around the country in almost any mall. A regular consumer may only have access to t he stores that are located nearby. in a flash the Internet has made every(prenominal)(prenominal) e-tailor available to anyone, anywhere, from low-end to high-end.Second, the Internet has changed service, credence and experience. wiz of the advantages of going to a Gap store is the level of service that you cop and the experience that you get. This level of service can never be replicated online. In addition, another problem with online fashion retailers is that the customer cannot try on the articles of clothing. While this may be a problem with naked as a jaybird customers, it is not an resolution with previously conventional customers.Otherwise, the Gaps value concepts can only be enhanced online. Clothes can easily be delivered instantaneously to the consumer from Internet sales. Also, transaction costs can be reduced for every sale online, Gap does not have to maintain bricks-and-mortar stores, hire personnel, or bear shipping costs. While these costs may be stripped-d own right now, as online sales grow, this may have a somber impact on Gaps bottom line. An additional wellbeing of Gaps online store is ease of huntinging for particular products.The vestments industry is ceaselessly changing. Therefore, selling strategies and diverse customer segments are similarly transforming. Key industry trends for the year 2001 include moves to multi-channel retailing, importance of profitability on the Internet, and a continued interest in using technology to mitigate bottom line, as explained at www.retailindustry.about.com. Customers have particular ineluctably and wants that are shaping the demand for higher quality at spurn prices. And with the forward-lookingly Internet environment, consumers want easy access to price comparisons and demand the latest trends. Since the online world is fast-paced, consumers believe that trends should frolic over quickly. Now that more people are shopping online, they demand and expect convenience as well as quick and timely delivery of apparel goods.Consumers are aspecting to the Internet for information on apparel more than they previously did. They search for price comparisons and shop around the web to look for sales. umteen consumers search for clothes online and then go to try on the clothing offline. In some other cases, if consumers cannot find the desired article of clothing, they venture onto the Web. Finally, in the new Internet apparel environment, awareness of brands is enhanced for established companies. On the contrary, newer apparel companies may struggle throwing awareness in a ordinary that constantly floods consumers with new products. The absence of brand equity creates difficulties for new companies in this industry. Few brands carry the clout Gap does to the online world. As evidenced at www.business.com, Gap, with only two other retailers, was considering one of the top 20 online Internet merchants.Intermediaries (i.e. manufacturers and retailers) in the apparel industry are transforming to fabricate more customer conscious. By incorporating technology, companies are able to make the brand more neighborly to the customer while creating a stronger image of the brand. This technology enables domestic and foreign manufacturers and inspectors to communicate more effectively, efficiently, and frequently. Previously, the telephone and fax machine were the simple means of communication among intermediaries, but now information can be transfer in a cost-efficient and instantaneous manner through the Internet.As noted in the March 30, 2001 source Suisse First Boston partnership review, the overall apparel industry trend appears that many teen and young adult retailers are heading towards the Gaps core ground . . . the casual preppy theme. For example many retailers have offered up colorful polo shirts since February, which stands to stomach Gap sales because they have only just begun offering the same polos. What has recently been happening is that Gap has come into fashion trends late and finds itself at the tail end of a hit. For years Gap has been the store to go to keep up to date on trends, but recent til nowts acme to its slipping from being the number one trend leader.Competitors such as Abercrombie and Fitch and American Eagle Outfitters have been able to tap into the fashion trends early and reaped a large share of the sales. A March 19, 2001 Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation analysis explains this phenomenon further market knowledge is better than ever . . . Retailers attend fashion shows . . . interpreting what they see for their customers. Therefore, the newest system in the competition game is for a company to find the hottest trend the earliest and quickest, and market the trend heavily before any other store or brand can do the same.New and alive companies in the apparel industry are forced to adapt their merchandise mix in response to the new Internet environment. Products must be d eveloped faster in order to cater to the fast-paced demands of todays Internet consumer. Many big players in the fashion industry are recognizing the need to turn over the trends faster in todays technology-driven economy. This is because consumers demand new fashion trends faster than they did in the offline world. Also, the Internet allows consumers to price shop more than they would in the offline world. Therefore, fashion companies must adopt that price competition is more prevalent online.Furthermore, channels must be structured online differently than they would be in the offline environment. In the new expert world, shipping and manufacturing have become bigger players in the value web than previously. Retailers must develop strong relationships with key shipping suppliers and increase ability in manufacturing facilities. Finally, fashion e-tailers must utilize the new Internet environment to better customer service and transactions. It is the perfect medium to have effic ient yet personalized customer service in addition to lower transactions costs.The new Internet siteting causes companies in the fashion industry to rethink partnering and strategic alliances. In todays e-economy, companies can gain traffic and experience through a few key alliances. Many companies, especially new players, can leverage partnerships to gain brand recognition and necessary traffic to their new site. Utilizing the key relationships with channel members and partnerships result befriend established fashion companies adapt to the new Internet economy. But, a win to the companies is the fact that basic core competencies still remain competitive advantages even in the new environment.Gaps core competencies center around their brand equity and highly developed processes. Its name alone can self-madely launch new, trendy products. However, Gap overly carries a standard, unpolluted line of clothes that customers have come to expect during any duration and within any G ap store. This is how Gap segments its customers those who want a consistent look year-to-year, and those customers who want the latest trends. Gaps brand recognition value is high with over 2,079 stores nationwide, and additional 530 stores globally. It is a standard brand name for the midrange fashion conscious consumer.Because Gap is a well-established bricks and mortars company, their processes are efficient and dynamic. For example, Gap stores are on detailed schedules for store let outs, inventories, and new product launches. Every store receives an identical binder that explicitly details the display and product placements. Front window displays are changed weekly. They restock shelves with new products every six weeks, keeping the retail ahead of imitators in the fast-paced fashion industry.All the core competencies are positive for the company, but there are threats that can hurt the company. For instance, negative word of mouth can cause severe consequences to Gaps b rand name. Since Gap outsources most of their manufacturing, theyre open up to attack because of their manufacturers actions. For example, a situation occurred to Nike concerning their use of sweatshops that caused a great deal of damage to the Nike name. Gap has taken steps to corrupt the causes of bad publicity by requiring manufacturers to sign codes of conduct and strictly enforcing those rules.Their processes for descent, however, are not as vulnerable to depreciation. Gap has invested a lot of popular opinion and research in their resources and there is not too much that can be substantially threatened. Gaps inventory processes, in fact, are much stronger compared to others in the industry. Not only do they maintain a consistent style year to year, they also have new lines that come out very often.Those who wish to enter the retail clothing industry forget find moderately high barriers to entry. It is extremely difficult to set up brand equity and image. Launching your own store and clothing line, like Gap, takes incredible capital and time investment. In the online world, it is much easier for new or small retailers to showcase their products however, it is difficult to get online attention and recognition. The record of online retailing sets up a playing field where smaller, lesser know retailers may have set up functioning websites and folded without the public ever knowing. Even big name online retailers, like Pets.com, did not survive notwithstanding their brand recognition.As we have mentioned earlier, Gaps inventory processes are very defined and strong. These processes also give them an edge on competitors move to copy Gaps styles or trends. Gap changes out their inventory every six weeks. Even if competitors are able to catch on to Gaps con turnaround, there is no way to stave off being behind the times. Gap, through their extensive market research and market persuasiveness, is so in tuned to their customer segments that they effect ively set the trend. Gap has invested a lot of money to become one of the biggest trend-setting brands.Although the Gap has a successful position on the Web, there are definite strategies that can be implemented to improve their online business. Our proposed marketing eBusiness visualise involves Customer Relationship Management, product strategies, incentive offers online, improved web creation, and increased market research. At this pass in time, Gap is a product-focused company. Gap needs to capitalize on the available technology of the Internet and transform its marketing efforts to focus on the consumer. Therefore, the company should shift from a Product Management system to a Customer Relationship Management system. Customer Relationship Management allows a company to cater to the unique and evolving needs of the specific customer segments.Currently, the Gap does not have extensive customization available on its website. Gap needs to create more ways of catering to each in dividual consumer. A pyramid approach would be optimal for the Gap. Much like the dingle triangle, the Gap would segment consumers and provide the most customization for the top small portion of the pyramid. These are the repeat customers that have highest volume of purchases, which would be the best sort to provide customization.We suggest that the Gap use the technology of the Internet to store information on each consumer and generate a unique site for the consumer every time that they log on. The site will greet the consumer by name upon log in and target the consumer for their preferences. For example, the Gap would keep a data petty(a) of my buying patterns, such as the fact that I always look for sale items, and also note the size that I normally buy. The Gap would be able to establish more relationships with consumers increase their loyal consumer base by providing customization that makes the site unique to the individuals.As retailers know, growth does not come from loyal customers. The Gap needs to focus some of their marketing efforts on acquiring new customers. They could do so by developing alliances with portal-type sites such as eGreetings.com. There, consumers can be asked to buy a gift security measures to Gap.com (not redeemable in offline stores) to be sent along with the greeting card. Online alliances are preferable to online banner ads and random publicizing because a relationship with established online services and etailers is the best way to get a Gap ad seen. The click-through rates for banner ads are not convincing enough for us to suggest that the Gap increase online banner advertising.In addition to advertising online with trading partners, the Gap should advertise offline for the online store. Every media produced offline, including displays in the offline store, should have the web site listed, thus pointing consumers to the online store. The Gap may also consider putt a terminal in the offline stores that has a small c omputer with Gap.com constantly running. Sales associates can point consumers in the offline store to the terminal if they need a different size, or if they want to ship an item to a friend.Offering incentives online can also increase the customer base, persuading loyal and new consumers to utilize the Internet site. For example, every fifth purchase online could merit a certain percentage off the final purchase price or even free shipping. Also, the Gap should consider offering some products and product lines online only (for example, Gap currently offers their maternity line only online). This can entice consumers into shopping online in addition to their offline stores. Overall, anything that causes consumers to venture into the online world to check out the new items on Gap.com would be good for the growth of the online customer base.Another marketing tactic is to alter the pattern of the website to meet the needs of the constantly evolving Gap consumer. Currently, Gap.com allo ws consumers to see the various styles of clothing with color choices shown to the side, but consumers cannot change the color of the item in the picture (for example, consumers could click on different colors and patterns for the same shirt and the shirt changes accordingly). See prove 2. Most buyers want to see what a certain article of clothing would look like in different colors, which is an option that Gap.coms competitor, JCrew.com, offers. Gap.com could also allow consumers to put clothes together on a feign and view 360 degrees of the outfit, thus persuading people to make virtual outfits. Other design changes to Gap.com could be an addition of a search engine. This gives consumers a quick way to find specific articles of clothing. Another added design feature for the quick shopper could be a paginate with price listings by clothing category, or the ability to see the price on the first page instead of fashioning consumers go through multiple pages to find the price. A final marketing strategy in our proposed plan is for Gap.com to increase market research to check consumer-buying habits. Are they price conscious? What do they value in design of the website? The Gap would benefit immensely if they were able to understand their consumers behavior in depth. Therefore, information could enhance the quality of customization, which will benefit the company. If the Gap makes extended strides to understand their customer base, they can capitalize on areas where they are strong and change areas of weakness.Our proposed marketing plan encompasses many benefits with a few costs. The plan satisfies consumers because increased customization will mean more attention to specific customer needs. The proposed Customer Relationship Management tactic will create more of a one-to-one marketing structure that will in turn benefit the consumer. One cost to this change in management style is the capital needed to set up customization online and also the changes tha t must be made in the structure of management within the company. Employees will have to get used to a restructuring, which can cause a short period of dissatisfaction or frustration.But, the company as a whole will benefit from the restructuring because it will increase retention rates. The online incentives and improved web page design will benefit the consumers directly by giving them good deals and creating an easy-to-use web site. The online incentives will benefit the company by change magnitude the loyal customer base and the improved web design may increase sales and retention. The trading partners with Gap will benefit by increasing traffic to their sites, and association with the Gap brand is positive for alliances.One of the most apparent and serious threats to Gap.com is the threat of cannibalization. If Gap.com becomes the standard, then their offline stores will be soberly hurt. This is why Gap is facing a great deal of defense within the organization. Store man agers whose salaries and promotions depend on store sales will not want to promote or support Gap.com because that will slip ones mind from their revenues. Another issue is the technological needs to satisfy the in-depth customization and database requirements that are essential to our e-business plan.In order to take on this new strategy, Gap will have to make a large initial investment to improve their technological capabilities to accommodate the customization. Internet speed must also be taken into consideration. Only eight trillion out of 100 million Internet households have broadband. This can lead to customer frustrations, as the sites become more picture intensive. This, however, is actually a benefit for Gap.com as their primary customer base is concentrated in these households that do have broadband service

Humour and Satire in Urdu Literature

mindset and Satire In Urdu Literature taken Gull* & Tableaus Abstract Humor & Satire be an integral vary of completely forms of lit & when the tragic part of a drama/story becomes unbearable, liquid body substance/ caustic remark provide a much needed diversion & relief. This article examines the effect of whim & badinage with reference to slightly of the leading men of earn of Urdu literature. Key speech Humor, Satire, Urdu, Literature It is difficult for human beings to constantly lead a majestic and glum life. They require cheer, mental relaxation and recreation of some sort. Humor is the most suitable & Innocent option for this purpose.Humor squeeze by be verbal, visual or physical. Non-verbal forms of communication for example music and art target besides be irritationous. Since literature is the replica of life it produces not and serious, subtle and delicate literary pieces simply also the need for mild, uprise and mellow compositions has always been longed for to coax and cajole the readers. To maintain the regularity and resoluteness of life the elements of vagary and jeering atomic number 18 always needed. Prevalently gratify and satire be used as a compound genre nevertheless they are two distinguishable words having two distinct meanings.Simon Waistlines is of the whimsey hat supposition is the weapon of unarmed people it helps people who are oppressed to smile. In fact, pander succeeds where wisdom fails. Stephen Lacked asserts Humor may also be delimit as the kindly contemplation of the Incongruities of life and the fine expression thereof. I think this is the best I know, because I wrote it myself. 1 This classification demonstrates three important aspects, which are the Irregularities of life, kindly contemplation and artistic expression.The start plosive speech sound explains that a humourist does not look at the Irregularities interpreted Gull, Assistant Professor, Zinnia College for Wome n, University of Appeaser. ** Tableaus laved, Lecturer, Zinnia College for Women, university of Appeaser. * Taken Gull & Tableaus relieve of life disdainfully rather gets amused with them, the second Is that he deals up with amusing attitudes and gruesomeness of life and the third point explains that a wittinessist adopts a very skillful manner of portraying such cockeyed situations instead of presenting them in a blunt and boring way.Moving on to the commence half of humor that Is satire, sarcasm and gibe as defined by the encyclopedia Britannica Satire In Its literary aspect, may be defined as the expression In adequate terms of the sense of amusement or disgust excited by the ridiculous or un agnisemly, provided that literary form without humor, satire is invective without literary form, it is mere cl admitish taunting2 Babul- al-Jeez Hafted Suicide defines satire in the following words The comic situations of life which open fire be pointed out and the contemptuous a spects of life which put forward be opposed and sidesplittingly criticized are termed as satire. The transition of sarcasm shares a lot with surgery. As a surgeon dissects and opens p the human body in order to extricate it by the infected portion, similarly a satirist identifies the follies of the order of magnitude and extricates it of the corruptive matters. Although it is true and admitted that a satirist definitely has the gusto and ardor of elatedness and supremacy present in him. Whatever a satirist targets he shows his soreness towards it and is desirous to characterize and aspire it. Perhaps the element of sympathy is absent which is considered to be the liveliness of humor.ABA-AH-Chair considering, states Those satirists who extract amusement and gag at the helplessness of people can never reach the heights. A legal satirist is a tigerish surgeon and ruthlessly dissects tho in his satire there are no signs of personal revenge or hollowness. His sole purpose is p ositive and to bring forward a positive change. The objective of his art is to point out the hideousness of life and to beautify society. 4 Whether it is satire or humor both require sincerity and fidelity, whereas, prejudice, priggishness and ego are both considered injurious for them.Making somebody a subject of humor or saturating soul on the basis of personal grudges is a complete violation of the rules and is The chat 179 Volume VII Number 2 Humor and Satire in Urdu Literature extremely cheap in itself. That is the condition, why in whole literature it is considered to be the humor and satire of the lowest degree. Contrary to this, the darling pleasure or displeasure of mind and thought gives vitality to humor and satire. Then the most difficult aspect of this skill is to criticize your own self.To ridicule some others and make them the target of buffoonery is comparatively easy but to mock at oneself jovially is most difficult thing in the world. It is therefore rightl y said by Shabby-LU- Hosannas that only those nations are considered to be civilized who can make fun of their weaknesses. 5 Satire can only grow and develop in such societies where people consent prudent and practical approach towards life. Only those people give blank to satire who have the patience and will for change.Rehashed Mad Suicide says that humor and satire can only develop in those countries and nations who are individual and value independence. But this genre cannot build up among the nations who are rim in the shackles of slavery. Among the people where gods and decent and flavor humor and satire. Sarcasm exposes beforehand the readers the personal folly and humiliation of others which can only be handled by a mature mind of decent taste and disciplined attitude. In short, it is a genre whose reader is not only able to see the faults of others but their own misdeeds as well.The element of humor makes this genre glister hearted, Jovial, intimate and infectious. I t is therefore necessary that it should not be cheap and crude but should rather be meaningful, far reaching, universalism and enduring. In another situation humor and satire can be made the basis for estimating standards of the literature of any language. Humor and fun are cultural and represent the customs, traditions, beliefs and norms of a particular society. In fact, the types of humor vary from people to people and society to society.The comic gestures and funny situations which can be a laugh still hunt for us may not be humorous at all for a British or an American. On the other hand, according to Muhammad Alma caravan inn humor and satire together can create the history of the mentality of a nation and also are its heritage. Also it can be agreed upon that humor and irony of any community or finish can be used as n absolute photographic plate to test the glee, perception, temperaments and feelings of them. 7 Now we have to esteem whether humor and satire are correlated or not.Norman Forlorn in this connection states that for literary satire two components are worth go one is criticizing and saturating an odious fortuity or thing and the other humor. 180 Rasher Mad Quietudes discernment is contrary to that of Norman Furlongs. According to him satire is implicit in humor, whereas, humor should not be a part of satire. He considers humor top-flight to satire and a form of arts which is difficult in execution. For humor, he says complacent attitude and conferment is required, whereas, for satire energy, sorrow, anger and assertion all are required simultaneously. In comparison to Rehashed Mad Suicide, Stayed Thatches ibn Talal Husseins notion is comparatively to a greater extent steady where he writes that the sour feeling that people develop while reading a satirical sprain is the very reason why people separate it from humor. Hence, Thicker and Meredith both have accepted the vitality of humor but not of satire. The reality is that the existenc e of satire is impractical without the presence of humor, whereas, humor can exist without attire. 9 Anyhow, it is important to observe the several techniques of humor and satire. ). The first technique is that of comparison in which humor is created by the simultaneously. The second technique is the use of language. Developing humor by creatively using the human speech and expression in which Taker (repetition), Rarity-e-leaflet (pun) and Bazaar Kanji (wit) are included . Iii). The third technique is that of a humorous situation. Iv). The fourth technique is the use of a humorous character. V). The fifth technique is that of humbug. V). The sixth technique s that of irony.No doubt there are other techniques like Sol-e-mammal (paradox), Ambulance (exaggeration) and so forth But the ones given above are universally known and popular. After observing the general aspects of humor and satire, we switch on to the art of humor and satire in Urdu literature. When we throw a perfunctory glance at it we learn that the early onset of it can be found in some ancient Distant (legends). But the tonus of humor and satire in some places is quite inferior while at others the jazzy effects of naturally pleasant and amusing humor and satire are visible. InUrdu literature humor and satire are prominently observed for the first time in the letters written by Kigali where frank humor and offhandedness are quite domineering. Kigali was delighted with dual attribute of being a poet and a prose writer. Humor was a part of his nature, thats why Hall called him Hewn-e- Career (humorous animal). His humor is pious and pure. He smiles at the occasions when people are whining and crying. He is capable of laughing at himself not only on others. In his 181 letters we knock soft smiles instead of whole hearted laughter.In his letters, instead of sing loud and peachy colors, he uses a beautiful blend of light colors of humor. besides Kigali, humor and wit are also observed in the b elles-lettres of Sir Seed Mad Khan and Chablis Neumann, whereas, the elements of satire are more specific in the literature contributed by Deputy Nazi Mad. Sir Seeds work was serious, constructive and persuasive but in reaction the humor and satire of demeanor was introduced in the form of Owed-e-punch, which swathed the irregularities, serration and Jaggedness of the society.But the quality of humor and satire of this newspaper publisher was below standard. Jaded Hussein, Mach protrude Steamfitter, Tarragon Nathan Hajji and Jaywalk Parsed calamus etc. Are the eminent figures of this age. After this, there were seen several different kinds of humor and satire in Urdu literature and it gained a lot of popularity, some were self evident while others were mellow and mild. The reports of Mullah Ramirez, Rehashed Mad Squid, Pratfall Bag, Eczema Bag Caught, Patria Babushka, Shattuck Than and Flak BEMA, etc. Re worth seriousness and humor. His purpose is always serious but style of expr ession is pleasant and witty. His choice of vocabulary is the main reason of his successful writings ND he is an honest of using idiomatic and flowery language of Delhi. He loves antiquity and tralatitious people and is considered a conservative person. His style is productive and he negotiation closely the improvement of society but never becomes dry and stringy. Weaker kookie says that liveliness and vivacity are the main features of his style.In his writings certain happenings, characters and comparison are not used as tools to create laughter but words and sentences are constructed in such a pleasant way that they agreeably touch the sensations of mind and heart. Such expressions automatically create smiles and one feels reinvigorated and lively. 0 Although Patria Babushka has less contribution (in volume) but whatever he wrote gives him a prominent place in Urdu literature. His study is very vast and he has a great appreciation & understanding of international and pec uliarly English literature.There is a touch of delicacy, liveliness and good taste in his humor. He creates humor with situations more than words. He is good at parody writing but repartee is his circumscribed technique. He does not laugh at the individuals but at the groups and classes. Stayed Abdullah writes about him that the essence of his humor is base on integrity, uprightness ND sincerity more than sympathy and kindness. He dislikes and hates absurdities. He is a misanthropist and sometimes mocks himself. 11 182 Rehashed Mad Quietudes name is also mentioned along with Patria Babushka.Rehashed Mad was an alumni of Alight and taught there as a professor of Urdu literature. His essays are not easily comprehensible and intelligible because he keeps on referring to specific incidents and only those people can enjoy his writings who have deep knowledge in history, politics and literature. He apace mentions one thing and the mind keeps on collecting segments into a angiotensin-c onverting enzyme whole. The delicacy and fore-sightedness of his thoughts is quite different from other humorists. Ale- Mad Sartor writes about him that Rehashed Mad Squid is different from Patria and Particular Bag.He is among those people who are uncomplete considered conservative nor modern rather he belongs to both the categories. He is an nice in paradox as well as repartee. Because of this dual quality he is considered Chesterton and Bernard Shah of Urdu literature. 12 Ale Mad Sartor gives a very good comparison of these three humor and satire writers, Patria takes the raw material or his humor from the living beings where as Particular Bag from the dead ones writers were those who were not basically humorists but their writings reflect the sweetness of humor and satire.Some dramatic names of such writers are Mimed-LU- Fade, Balalaika Sad, Muffed any Badland, Manual Safari All Khan, Jazz Abdul Gaffer, Goshawk Hosannas Minimize, Abdul Amazed Salk, Amazed Lahore, Abraham Sal es and Abdul Myocardial etc. The eminent names among modern humor writers are Colonel Muhammad Khan, Shaffer-our-Raman, Gymkhana Ala Kapok, Fine Nash, Moisakos Hussein Had, Tall Hag Assam, Seaside Salk, Wausau Nazism, Goshawk Abdul Chaffer, Magmata Hussein, Young Butt and musquash Mad housefly. The most prominent name among them is Muskrat Mad Housefly who is a natural humorist.His writings are adorned and decorated with special formalities but his sentences are smooth, pleasant and abrupt. He is witty and derives meanings out of meanings and deduces deep hidden meanings from apparent descriptions which seem to be an extempore talk of a scholar. Most of his topics are taken from our day- today life but even from these common topics he seeks out some strange and dreadful aspects of humor. Shade Mashes says that the foresight of Housefly entreats into human psyche and makes observations

Pharmaceutical Industry and E. Merck Ag

Historical bearground of the business Today Merck &038 Co, Inc. is ane of the more or less recogniz com manpowersurate companies in the pharmaceutic industry. When asked close Merck, well-nigh concourse think that it is and al charges has been a US fraternity. However, the confederations ex aimation can be traced in exclusively the way back to the 1600s where it was started in Darmstadt, Germ each. Friedrich Jacob Merck purchased a local store in 1668 where he prepargond and exchange medicines. The store was c completelyed At the sign of the Angels and would stop in the Merck family for some generations (Merck &038 co. , 2000). In 1827, Heinrich Emmanuel Merck and renamed E.MERCK AG transformed the store into a medicate manufacturer. The pharmacy was so successful that by 1855 E. Merck AG was merchandiseing medications cosmopolitan. It was at this duration that Merck inflexible to send a guild military dispatchicer to the joined States to set up a gross revenue office. Once in the U. S. in 1899, Heinrichs grandson George Merck bought iodin hundred and cubic decimetre acres in Rahway, New Jersey. A couple up of course of instructions later, in 1903, Merck started mathematical production in its parvenue U. S. headquarters. By this era Merck was non that producing doses, it was excessively commencement to produce disparate types of chemicals and in that location was also a research lab.When the United States entered World War I in 1917, George Merck, fearing that Germany would win the war and form e actuallyplace his bon ton, sold all of his stock to a US conjunction named Alien Property custodian (Merck &038 Co. , 2000). This finish all of Mercks ties to Germany. aft(prenominal) the war, George Merck regained a ascertainling bundle of the smart set in 1919 and from that day transport Merck has ever been a publically owned company. George Merck get overd to grow the company until his death in 1926 at which time h is son, George W. Merck took all all over. In 1926, George W.Merck clear-cut to fuse the company with Powers-Weighter from Decaturman-Rosengarten, which was a Philadelphia, prove pharmaceutic company. In 1927 the company was formally in incorporatedd and renamed Merck &038 Co. Inc. This coalition gave George W. Merck the chapiter he needed to recruit wise chemists and biologists, which lead to the disco precise of vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 was a huge success, completely if because the war had been over for several old age, late exotic companies were continually under merchandise Merck. With no new products in sight, George W. Merck decided to merge with a Baltimore company by the name of incisive &038 Dohme, Inc.This merger was believed to induct saved Merck from going under it gave Merck new endeavoreting facilities and a new dispersal net engage, which it desperately needed. By the time George W. Merck died in 1957, the company had hit the un pertainled hundr ed million sawhorse mark. not b bely was the dollar mark momentous, Georges death marked the finishing time a Merck family constituent would ever be in control. From the 60s on, Merck continued to tog up its food market sh ar taking avail of its research and phylogenesis, which continually produced new and hot doses all year.Today Merck employs over fifty basket eggs team thousand plurality and produces near of the more or less well cognize pharmaceutic products on the market. With sugar totaling a little a a few(prenominal)(prenominal)er than half dozen carteinal dollars and annual gross revenue of over twelve and half sensation million million million dollars, Merck is con steadred wizard of the scoop pharmaceutical companies in the universe. Products Throughout the years, Merck has ease up itself a reputation for growth high-pitched quality products that consumers know pull up s wreaks work. The drugs are substantial to aid with all contrast ive types of capers. almost medicines are employ for every day symptoms ilk a stuffed up nose and some are use for more solemn illnesses exchangeable the jamment of HIV. Since Merck &038 Co. , Inc. was free-baseed it has always appoint a point to earn an above average research and development program so that it could attract to a wide variety of consumers no matter what symptoms they were trying to cure. more or less of the first products ever distri entirelyed by Merck in the 1820s were morphine, codeine and cocaine. These three products allowed Merck fair to middling revenue to begin research on other types of products.In 1933 Merck scientists discovered vitamin B12 which was, at the time, apply as a healthful drug. The sales from B12 al ace were overflowing to carry Merck into the next decade. Although Merck scientists discovered cortis maven, which is a steroid, and streptomycin, which is apply to turn tuberculosis, the 1940s, 50s and 60s were reasonably slo w periods for Merck. Other products much(prenominal) as Aldomet, which is utilise to trade notion, indomethacin and Clinoril which are anti-inflammatory drugs, were genuine but n star of them had the impact on revenue that Merck was used to.It was not until the mid to late 70s that Merck came out with some new products that really connected with consumers. It was at this time that Timoptic and Enalapril were invented. Timoptic is a hepatitis vaccine that suspensors with the treatment of glaucoma and Enalapril is a high blood wedge medication. Sales from these two drugs were well over a half a jillion dollars by the early 1980s. Things solo got better for Merck from the 1980s through and through 2000. During this time Merck produced over twenty new drugs.Some of the more popular drugs accept Cosopt, used in the treatment of glaucoma, Propecia, which is used to treat hair loss, Maxalt, which is used for migraine headaches, and Singulair, which treats cases of asthma. Alth ough all of these medications worked out very well for Mercks profit, in that location were three drugs that stood above the rest. Vasotec was a treatment for congestive gist and soul failure and Mercks first trillion dollar a year drug. That was followed by rofecoxib which is a painfulness medication used to treat arthritis and also a jillion dollar a year seller. The most popular drug Merck ever produced was Zocor.Zocor is a cholesterol- manageing drug that was introduced in 1992. non exclusively was zocor a multi-billion dollar a year drug, it was mavin of the most successful interchange pharmaceutical drugs ever (Merck &038 Co. , 2000). Zocor accounted for over four billion dollars in ecumenical sales in 2004 al unitary. With products akin these and a continued dedication to research and development, Merck will be a major player in the pharmaceutical industry for many years to come. guild Locations Merck and its subsidiaries have locations all over the world. Their m ain headquarters is soon located in Whitehouse Station, New Jersey.Merck takes superciliousness in creation a ball-shaped health vex attracter. harmonise to their web localize they currently have 83,000 employees worldwide (Merck. com). In 2009, Merck merged with competitor Shering-Plough, which extended Mercks reach into the global economy. tally to hypothesise (2011), Merck has over 75 locations, swig from its locations in 77 countries, Mercks worldwide sales for 2009 were $27. 4 billion (Muse p. 251). These locations stretch across the Continental United States from New Jersey to San Francisco. The worldwide locations overwhelm factories in Europe, the shopping center East, Africa, and japan.Mercks revenues continue to climb with their global growth. The revenues recorded in unhomogeneous regions by Merck in 2012 include, 2012 Revenues United States (By geographical Region) $20. 4 billion Europe, essence East and Africa $13. billion Japan $5. 1 billion Other $8. billion (Merck. com). Merck is seen as a leader on the stage of global expansion. It is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world. Merck continues to grow and din its influence in an ride to provide their vaccines and medicines across the globe. Their modern merger will allow them to trial markets that they have not had experience in in advance, and help subjoin their net profit globally.Style of International Business Merck has been on the chief of International Business and is one of the leaders at adapting to new employees in diverse geographic locations. The company has agreeed a policy of progressivity in their workplace. harmonise to Muse (2011) Merck is one of the leaders in this field. They have been ranked among the Top 50 Companies for Diversity and the 100 Best combine Citizens List (Muse p. 251). Merck makes motley one of their top priorities and it is well medicoumented on their web identify. They have crea ted a role for the variant diverse passels at marrow squash their company.It is a new way to maintain communication with the feelings and thoughts of various groups in different regions end-to-end the world. Merck calls these Global Constituency Groups. accord to their web send, Weve taken an innovative, global approach to our variation strategy through the unveiling of Global Constituency Groups. These groups re stupefy the diverse constituencies in our company, our customers and society, in general. The members represent different geographies, cultures and areas of expertise. Together they reflect Merck employees and customers globally. Merck. com) With this process, Merck is able to economise up with the problems and successes within the different constituencies throughout the company. Mercks plan to achieve diversity within their company begins from the leadership positions. Filling these positions with mickle mindful of diversity has allowed the company to continue to keep its place among the most diverse companies in the world. check to Merck, Diversity and inclusion are integrated into our leadership ride, and are considered an inseparable leadership skill for all of our employees (Merck. com). Merck preaches this diversity not just to their employees, but their suppliers as well. At Merck, we believe that having a diverse supplier base helps us better understand and stay the needs of the people we servicing (Merck. com). This creates a positive(p) culture throughout the company of acceptance and allowance account towards others. It is a progressive policy that allows Merck to continue to flourish and it is a model style of International Business. Strategic Alliances Merck has do many strategic confederacys throughout the years to help improve their products or supply them to a wider cut back of people.In the late 80s Merck make an alliance with one of the biggest companies in the United States, Johnson &038 Johnson. According t o the International Directory of Company Histories (2000), In 1989 Merck joined with Johnson &038 Johnson in a venture to develop over-the-counter (OTC) versions of Mercks prescription medications, ab initio for the U. S. market, later spread out to Europe and Canada (encyclopedia. com). This helped Merck products hold up more easily useable to consumers throughout the world. At the time this alliance was hailed as a megahit portion that would create growth for both(prenominal)(prenominal) companies.This deal lasted over twenty years and was very profitable for both parties. When Merck sold their stake in the deal in 2011, they received $clxxv million for it. The largest alliance Merck has make recently is the acquisition, or reverse merger, of their rival Schering-Plough. The $40 billion deal was made in an effort to keep up with other companies in the pharmaceutical market, especially Pfizer. According to vocalist (2009), The merger would join pharmaceutical companies that had combined sales of $46. 9 billion last year (p. 1). This alliance expanded Merck globally and allowed it to tap into Schering-Ploughs resources.These resources ranged from new drugs for Merck to market, to a big pipeline to hike up their own drugs. According to Singer (2009), The merger gives it cost of admission to successful brand-name Schering products with much greater patents, equal the prescription allergic reaction dust Nasonex. And Merck could capitalize on Scherings investments in promising biotechnology drugs (Singer p. 1 ). This alliance helped Merck continue to be a formidable competitor in the global pharmaceutical market. With this deal disaster single a few short years ago, Merck continues to grow and utilise its new resources in the market today.Exports Mercks exports consist of various types of pharmaceuticals. Some of their most profitable exports include Singulair, alendronate, Nasonex, and Vytorin. Singulair is used to treat seasonal allergies like other drugs such as Claritin and Allegra. It can also be used to prevent asthma attacks. It has been very profitable for Merck in the past. Yet, sales began to dramatically fall when media reports around the disturbing side cause of Singulair began to surface. The worst of these side effects included depression and suicidal thoughts.Still, even in cattiness of Singulairs profit drop, Merck continues to make large amounts of money off of the export. Nasonex and Vytorin are two products that were a get out of the Merck and Schering-Plough merger. Nasonex is a nasal spray used to treat seasonal allergies in adults and children. It has proved to be a positive part of the merger, becoming one of Mercks most profitable products. Vytorin was already part of a reciprocal effort between Merck and Schering-Plough even originally the merger. Vytorin is a combination of ezetimibe and simvastatin used to treat cholesterol levels.They created and marketed the product together. later the merger, Merck continued to sell and market Vytorin. Fosamax is another popular export of the Merck Company. It is used to treat osteoporosis and other bone diseases. Fosamax was previously one of Mercks best selling drugs. Yet, because of patent problems, they have lost large amount of money. According to Singer (2009) Mercks former megahit bone drug Fosamax has gone generic, and in a few years the very(prenominal) subject will happen to its best-selling allergy and asthma drug Singulair (pg. 1 ). These exports have been Mercks main products in the past.In the future, with their recent merger, they should be able to develop new products that can help them rebound from the losses they took from products like Fosamax and Singulair. Transportation In dedicate to effectively and competently throw their products throughout the world, Merck has contracted UPS to deliver them. As of June 2011, the joint venture cognize as MSD has announced that it would include and take care of Me rcks logistics and distribution around the world, which till now only managed Mercks distribution, wareho victimisation and tape drive in northern America (Berman, 2011).According to Willie A. Deese, administrator vice president and president, Merck Manufacturing Division, This expanded agreement with UPS allows us to focus on our core business as a global healthcare leader that looks for innovative ways to found our medicines and vaccines to patients in emerging markets and markets around the world (businesswire, 2011). The collaboration, which began in early 2003 with UPS just taking care of the transportation and delivery of products over time, has extended to North American distribution, warehousing and multi-modal transportation function (businesswire, 2011).Merck now entrusted UPS with taking care of their logistics in countries like China, Brazil as well as Latin America among others. UPS also stated that it would cave in proper facilities in say to store wide-cuts a nd vaccines so in revision to ensure quicker and efficient delivery system (Berman, 2011). Merck believes that this extended federation with UPS would result in cosmos live effective in the long run. Although Merck does depone on other logistic companies as well, but they rely more heavily on UPS and this current agreement will only further increase the companys trust in the logistics unswerving (businesswire, 2011).Ethical Standards The code of ethics from Mercks website (2013) states Being a good corporate citizen means that we comply with all applicable laws, rules and regulations. Also, we serve our society, from the local communities in which we operate to the national and external levels, by supporting a reckon of programs, including those that improve health and promote environmental sustainability. All of our activities are manoeuvre by our corporate tariff principle of Helping the World Be Well. (p. 1) Ethical Violations Merck &038 Co. ave developed some great prod ucts that have helped many people. They have even do some amazing humanitarian work that follows their mission of their code of ethics, which is to help the people of this world be as healthy as they can. For example, After World War II, many people who were living in Japan could not succumb the Merck developed drug streptomycin (Miller &038 Goldman, 2003). Streptomycin was the first drug to fight tuberculosis. Merck decided to sell streptomycin at a much lower cost in Japan so it could be distributed to those who needed it and could not afford it at market value.Merck is also one of the nations largest donors to UNICEF. hotshot of the ways that Merck has partnered with UNICEF is by donating a drug called Mectizan. Mectizan is a drug that Merck has developed to fight river blindness, and Merck has teamed up with UNICEF in install to distribute Mectizan to anyone who needs it (Unicef, 2013). only when the business strategies for Merck have not always been as ethically large(p) as it may appear. On kinfolk 30th 2004 the drug that Merck had created to treat arthritis and severe pain, rofecoxib, was pulled off the shelves for good.The reason rump shutting down this drug was that it was found to have caused serious illnesses aft(prenominal) long term use, including heart attacks and strokes (Kay, 2004). rofecoxib was withdrawn only five years after being introduced, but in that short time had effected many, in those five years thither had been over lxxx million prescriptions for rofecoxib (Kay, 2004). Dr David Graham, the associate degree director for science and medicine at the Office of Drug Safety, estimates that Vioxx caused between 88,000 and 139,000 heart attacks, of which thirty to xl pct have most liable(predicate) died (Kay, 2004).But did Merck know of this threat before they started to market the drug? forward Merck released Vioxx in 1999 their own scientist organiseed probes on Vioxx tour developing it. In 1997 these scientist did a gui de and found that patients who were being outpouringed on were six times more likely to have heart complications when using Vioxx compared to other arthritis drugs. But this study was never released and the data was never sent to the FDA (Culp &038 Isobel, 2007).Scientist also completed a VIGOR (Vioxx Gastrointestinal Outcomes Research) test on the drug and found proof that people who take Vioxx had a five times high chance of having a heart attack (Cahana &038 Mauron, 2006). In 2001 Merck scientist had another test called meta-analysis. The meta-analysis tested 20,000 patients, and again showed that these patients were double as likely to have a heart attack while taking Vioxx compared to other drugs (Culp &038 Isobel, 2007). not only did Merck know about these risks and kept the results to themselves, they also trained their sales people on how to ring the subject.In order to train the sales make who were going to be selling Vioxx to doctors, Merck developed a card plunk fo r called dodgeball. The purpose of this game was to teach the sales force different ways to dodge gestures asked by doctors about the effects Vioxx has on the heart (Daily, 2005). This again proves that Merck knew of these risks caused by taking Vioxx, but was trying to make sure that information was kept in house. Another instance where Merck lacked good ethical decision qualification is when they decided to hire Elsevier to unfreeze a magazine for them. Elsevier is a print company that focuses mainly on medical exam and scientific literature.Mercks merchandising team decided to pay Elsevier to publish a journal called The Australiasian journal of Bone &038 Joint Medicine. This journal was made to look like any other peer- freshened medical journal but it was far from it. Mercks marketing department handpicked the expressions that they fateed to put in this journal, with the purpose of trying to control what articles were chosen to be in the journal. They took good of thi s situation by pick out articles that favored Merck products and disguising this marketing scheme as a peer review journal (Grant, 2009).For instance in the blurb issue twenty one of the twenty nine articles spoke about Mercks products in a favorable way, nine of them positively talking about Vioxx (Grant, 2009). Merck also had an ethical downfall when charge decided to change the prices of their product. Not only was Merck paying doctors to prescribe Merck medicine when patients were in the hospital, Merck also started to give hospitals a ninety two percent discount rate on their medicine with the fancy that after the patient was discharged they would want to stay on the same medicine (Merck to pay whistle bungleer, 2008).The insurance company would pay full price for the drugs after the patient was discharged and that is where Merck would do work in their profit. An employee within Merck see what was going on and didnt approve. A lawsuit quickly followed and Merck ended up p aying $671 million, including sixty eight million dollars to the whistleblower (Merck to pay whistleblower, 2008). Even after settling Merck did not think they were in the slander with this pricing, as Merck to pay whistleblower (2008) account Merck reservation a argument saying they stands by its pricing strategies but is keen to resolve the argufy (p. 2). Unfortunately for Merck, Vioxx isnt the only drug that has caused people to question Mercks ethical decision qualification when it comes to their customers. As noted above, Merck released a drug called Propecia to the public that helped men with baldness. The problem with Propecia is that men are scratch to see a great increase in knowledgeable problems. Merck says that only one out of fifty men will see significant sexual side effects, and those side effects will disappear after you stop taking Propecia (Thornton, 2011). But that doesnt seem to be the case.A recent study by Micheal Irving showed that ninety percent of hi s test patients still showed signs of sexual problems forty months after being off of Propecia (Thornton, 2011). This is where ethics will endure Merck the most. Not only have there been hundreds of millions of dollars in fines and settlements that will be paid out, but if Merck continues to keep making unethical managerial decisions, Merck will lose the trust of their customers. Even though there is no order yet that Merck knew that Propecia would harm people after they stopped taking the drug, its hard not to think of how the Merck management decided to handle Vioxx.The fiscal hit is a big blow that will slow present and future projects, but money is a lot easier to gain back than trust. References Berman, J. (2011, June). UPS and Merck extend relationship with a global supply chain focus. Retrieved February 2013, from http//www. logisticsmgmt. com/article/ups_and_merck_extend_relationship_witha_ global_supply_chain_focus/ businesswire. (2011, June). UPS and Merck Expand Their D istribution and Logistics Agreement. Retrieved February 2013, from businesswire. com http//www. businesswire. com/news/ main office/20110628005271/en/UPS-Merck-Expand-Distribution-Logistics-AgreementCahana, A. , &038 Mauron, A. (2006). The story of Vioxxno pain and a lot of gain ethical concerns regarding conduct of the pharmaceutical industry. Journal of anesthesia,20(4), 348-351. doi10. 1007/s00540-006-0432-7 Culp, D. R. , &038 Isobel, B. (2007, solemn 6). Merck and the Vioxx debacle. Retrieved February 13, 2013 from St. Johns University, clear site http//www. stjohns. edu/media/3/2c0778b7593f4a178b60354abc80bad8. pdf Grant, B. (2009, April 30). Merck published fake journal. Retrieved Febuary 12, 2013 from, weathervane site http//www. the-scientist. om/? articles. view/articleNo/27376/ gentle/Merck- published-fake- journal/ Daily, M. (2005, July 18). Merck used dodge ball on Vioxx questions-lawyer. Retrieved February 12, 2013 from, clear site http//www. redorbit. com/n ews/general/178738/ Kay, J. ( 2004, November 22). The Vioxx scandal Damning senate good word reveals drug company, government complicity. Retrieved 2013, February 9 from , Web site http//www. wsws. org/en/articles/2004/11/viox-n22. html Merck &038 Co. , Inc. International Directory of Company Histories. 2000.Retrieved February 19, 2013 from Encyclopedia. comhttp//www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1G2-2843800076. html Merck Sharp &038 Dohme Corp. , a subsidiary ofMerck &038 Co. , Inc. (2009-2013). Retrieved February 18, 2013, from http//www. merck. com/index. html Merck to pay whistleblower. (2008). trichloroethylene The Chemical Engineer, (801), 12. Miller, C. , &038 Goldman, K. (2003, October, 23). Merck, aids, and Africa. Retrieved February 2, 2013 from New York University, Leonard N. low-down School of Business Web site http//pages. stern. nyu. edu/lcabral/teaching/aids. pdf Muse, L.A. (2011). Flexibility effectuation to a global workforce a case study of Merck and Company, In c. Community, flex &038 Family,14(2), 249-256. Singer, N. (March 9, 2009). Merck to Buy Schering-Plough for $41. 1 Billion. The New York Times, Retrieved from http//www. nytimes. com/2009/03/10/business/10drug. html? _r=0 February 19, 2013. Thornton, J. (2011). A Hair-Raising Side Effect. mens room Health (10544836), 26(10), 102-105. Unicef (2013). Merck &038 co. , inc. Retrieved January 12, 2013 from, Partners Web site http//www. unicefusa. org/partners/corporate/merck. htmlPharmaceutical Industry and E. Merck AgHistorical screen background of the business Today Merck &038 Co, Inc. is one of the most recognizable companies in the pharmaceutical industry. When asked about Merck, most people think that it is and always has been a US company. However, the companys history can be traced all the way back to the 1600s where it was started in Darmstadt, Germany. Friedrich Jacob Merck purchased a local store in 1668 where he prepared and sold medicines. The store was called At the sign of the Angels and would remain in the Merck family for many generations (Merck &038 co. , 2000). In 1827, Heinrich Emmanuel Merck and renamed E.MERCK AG transformed the store into a drug manufacturer. The pharmacy was so successful that by 1855 E. Merck AG was selling medications worldwide. It was at this time that Merck decided to send a company officer to the United States to set up a sales office. Once in the U. S. in 1899, Heinrichs grandson George Merck bought one hundred and fifty acres in Rahway, New Jersey. A couple of years later, in 1903, Merck started production in its new U. S. headquarters. By this time Merck was not just producing drugs, it was also starting to produce different types of chemicals and there was also a research lab.When the United States entered World War I in 1917, George Merck, fearing that Germany would win the war and take over his company, sold all of his stock to a US company named Alien Property Custodian (Merck &038 Co. , 2000). This ended all of Mercks ties to Germany. After the war, George Merck regained a controlling share of the company in 1919 and from that day forward Merck has always been a publicly owned company. George Merck continued to grow the company until his death in 1926 at which time his son, George W. Merck took over. In 1926, George W.Merck decided to merge the company with Powers-Weightman-Rosengarten, which was a Philadelphia, based pharmaceutical company. In 1927 the company was officially incorporated and renamed Merck &038 Co. Inc. This merger gave George W. Merck the capital he needed to recruit new chemists and biologists, which lead to the discovery of vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 was a huge success, but because the war had been over for several years, new foreign companies were continually underselling Merck. With no new products in sight, George W. Merck decided to merge with a Baltimore company by the name of Sharp &038 Dohme, Inc.This merger was believed to have saved Merck from going under it g ave Merck new marketing facilities and a new distribution network, which it desperately needed. By the time George W. Merck died in 1957, the company had hit the one hundred million dollar mark. Not only was the dollar mark significant, Georges death marked the last time a Merck family member would ever be in control. From the 60s on, Merck continued to raise its market share taking advantage of its research and development, which continually produced new and popular drugs every year.Today Merck employs over fifty five thousand people and produces some of the most well known pharmaceutical products on the market. With profits totaling a little fewer than six billion dollars and annual sales of over twelve and half billion dollars, Merck is considered one of the best pharmaceutical companies in the world. Products Throughout the years, Merck has made itself a reputation for developing high quality products that consumers know will work. The drugs are developed to help with all differ ent types of problems.Some medicines are used for every day symptoms like a stuffed up nose and some are used for more serious illnesses like the treatment of HIV. Since Merck &038 Co. , Inc. was founded it has always made a point to have an above average research and development program so that it could appeal to a wide variety of consumers no matter what symptoms they were trying to cure. Some of the first products ever distributed by Merck in the 1820s were morphine, codeine and cocaine. These three products allowed Merck enough revenue to begin research on other types of products.In 1933 Merck scientists discovered vitamin B12 which was, at the time, used as a therapeutic drug. The sales from B12 alone were enough to carry Merck into the next decade. Although Merck scientists discovered cortisone, which is a steroid, and streptomycin, which is used to treat tuberculosis, the 1940s, 50s and 60s were fairly slow periods for Merck. Other products such as Aldomet, which is used to t reat depression, Indocin and Clinoril which are anti-inflammatory drugs, were developed but none of them had the impact on revenue that Merck was used to.It was not until the mid to late 70s that Merck came out with some new products that really connected with consumers. It was at this time that Timoptic and Enalapril were invented. Timoptic is a hepatitis vaccine that helps with the treatment of glaucoma and Enalapril is a high blood pressure medication. Sales from these two drugs were well over a half a billion dollars by the early 1980s. Things only got better for Merck from the 1980s through 2000. During this time Merck produced over twenty new drugs.Some of the more popular drugs include Cosopt, used in the treatment of glaucoma, Propecia, which is used to treat hair loss, Maxalt, which is used for migraine headaches, and Singulair, which treats cases of asthma. Although all of these medications worked out very well for Mercks profit, there were three drugs that stood above the rest. Vasotec was a treatment for congestive heart failure and Mercks first billion dollar a year drug. That was followed by Vioxx which is a pain medication used to treat arthritis and also a billion dollar a year seller. The most popular drug Merck ever produced was Zocor.Zocor is a cholesterol-fighting drug that was introduced in 1992. Not only was zocor a multi-billion dollar a year drug, it was one of the most successful selling pharmaceutical drugs ever (Merck &038 Co. , 2000). Zocor accounted for over four billion dollars in worldwide sales in 2004 alone. With products like these and a continued dedication to research and development, Merck will be a major player in the pharmaceutical industry for many years to come. Company Locations Merck and its subsidiaries have locations all over the world. Their main headquarters is currently located in Whitehouse Station, New Jersey.Merck takes pride in being a global healthcare leader. According to their website they currently have 8 3,000 employees worldwide (Merck. com). In 2009, Merck merged with competitor Shering-Plough, which extended Mercks reach into the global economy. According to Muse (2011), Merck has over 75 locations, Drawing from its locations in 77 countries, Mercks worldwide sales for 2009 were $27. 4 billion (Muse p. 251). These locations stretch across the continental United States from New Jersey to San Francisco. The worldwide locations include factories in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Japan.Mercks revenues continue to climb with their global growth. The revenues recorded in various regions by Merck in 2012 include, 2012 Revenues United States (By Geographic Region) $20. 4 billion Europe, Middle East and Africa $13. billion Japan $5. 1 billion Other $8. billion (Merck. com). Merck is seen as a leader on the stage of global expansion. It is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world. Merck continues to grow and expand its influence in an effort to provide their vaccines and medicines across the globe. Their recent merger will allow them to test markets that they have not had experience in before, and help increase their profits globally.Style of International Business Merck has been on the forefront of International Business and is one of the leaders at adapting to new employees in diverse geographic locations. The company has maintained a policy of progressiveness in their workplace. According to Muse (2011) Merck is one of the leaders in this field. They have been ranked among the Top 50 Companies for Diversity and the 100 Best Corporate Citizens List (Muse p. 251). Merck makes diversity one of their top priorities and it is well documented on their website. They have created a voice for the different diverse peoples within their company.It is a new way to maintain communication with the feelings and thoughts of various groups in different regions throughout the world. Merck calls these Global Constituency Group s. According to their website, Weve taken an innovative, global approach to our diversity strategy through the creation of Global Constituency Groups. These groups represent the diverse constituencies in our company, our customers and society, in general. The members represent different geographies, cultures and areas of expertise. Together they reflect Merck employees and customers globally. Merck. com) With this process, Merck is able to keep up with the problems and successes within the different constituencies throughout the company. Mercks plan to achieve diversity within their company begins from the leadership positions. Filling these positions with people mindful of diversity has allowed the company to continue to keep its place among the most diverse companies in the world. According to Merck, Diversity and inclusion are integrated into our leadership model, and are considered an essential leadership skill for all of our employees (Merck. com). Merck preaches this diversity not only to their employees, but their suppliers as well. At Merck, we believe that having a diverse supplier base helps us better understand and anticipate the needs of the people we serve (Merck. com). This creates a positive culture throughout the company of acceptance and tolerance towards others. It is a progressive policy that allows Merck to continue to flourish and it is a model style of International Business. Strategic Alliances Merck has made many strategic alliances throughout the years to help improve their products or supply them to a wider range of people.In the late 80s Merck made an alliance with one of the biggest companies in the United States, Johnson &038 Johnson. According to the International Directory of Company Histories (2000), In 1989 Merck joined with Johnson &038 Johnson in a venture to develop over-the-counter (OTC) versions of Mercks prescription medications, initially for the U. S. market, later expanded to Europe and Canada (encyclopedia. com). Thi s helped Merck products become more easily available to consumers throughout the world. At the time this alliance was hailed as a blockbuster deal that would create growth for both companies.This deal lasted over twenty years and was very profitable for both parties. When Merck sold their stake in the deal in 2011, they received $175 million for it. The largest alliance Merck has made recently is the acquisition, or reverse merger, of their rival Schering-Plough. The $40 billion deal was made in an effort to keep up with other companies in the pharmaceutical market, especially Pfizer. According to Singer (2009), The merger would join pharmaceutical companies that had combined sales of $46. 9 billion last year (p. 1). This alliance expanded Merck globally and allowed it to tap into Schering-Ploughs resources.These resources ranged from new drugs for Merck to market, to a bigger pipeline to promote their own drugs. According to Singer (2009), The merger gives it access to successful brand-name Schering products with much longer patents, like the prescription allergy spray Nasonex. And Merck could capitalize on Scherings investments in promising biotechnology drugs (Singer p. 1 ). This alliance helped Merck continue to be a formidable competitor in the global pharmaceutical market. With this deal happening only a few short years ago, Merck continues to grow and utilize its new resources in the market today.Exports Mercks exports consist of various types of pharmaceuticals. Some of their most profitable exports include Singulair, Fosamax, Nasonex, and Vytorin. Singulair is used to treat seasonal allergies like other drugs such as Claritin and Allegra. It can also be used to prevent asthma attacks. It has been very profitable for Merck in the past. Yet, sales began to dramatically fall when media reports about the disturbing side effects of Singulair began to surface. The worst of these side effects included depression and suicidal thoughts.Still, even in spite o f Singulairs profit drop, Merck continues to make large amounts of money off of the export. Nasonex and Vytorin are two products that were a result of the Merck and Schering-Plough merger. Nasonex is a nasal spray used to treat seasonal allergies in adults and children. It has proved to be a positive part of the merger, becoming one of Mercks most profitable products. Vytorin was already part of a joint effort between Merck and Schering-Plough even before the merger. Vytorin is a combination of ezetimibe and simvastatin used to treat cholesterol levels.They created and marketed the product together. After the merger, Merck continued to sell and market Vytorin. Fosamax is another popular export of the Merck Company. It is used to treat osteoporosis and other bone diseases. Fosamax was previously one of Mercks best selling drugs. Yet, because of patent problems, they have lost large amount of money. According to Singer (2009) Mercks former blockbuster bone drug Fosamax has gone generi c, and in a few years the same thing will happen to its best-selling allergy and asthma drug Singulair (pg. 1 ). These exports have been Mercks main products in the past.In the future, with their recent merger, they should be able to develop new products that can help them rebound from the losses they took from products like Fosamax and Singulair. Transportation In order to effectively and efficiently deliver their products throughout the world, Merck has contracted UPS to deliver them. As of June 2011, the joint venture known as MSD has announced that it would include and take care of Mercks logistics and distribution around the world, which till now only managed Mercks distribution, warehousing and transportation in North America (Berman, 2011).According to Willie A. Deese, executive vice president and president, Merck Manufacturing Division, This expanded agreement with UPS allows us to focus on our core business as a global healthcare leader that looks for innovative ways to br ing our medicines and vaccines to patients in emerging markets and markets around the world (businesswire, 2011). The collaboration, which began in early 2003 with UPS just taking care of the transportation and delivery of products over time, has extended to North American distribution, warehousing and multi-modal transportation services (businesswire, 2011).Merck now entrusted UPS with taking care of their logistics in countries like China, Brazil as well as Latin America among others. UPS also stated that it would establish proper facilities in order to store goods and vaccines so in order to ensure quicker and efficient delivery system (Berman, 2011). Merck believes that this extended partnership with UPS would result in being cost effective in the long run. Although Merck does rely on other logistic companies as well, but they rely more heavily on UPS and this current agreement will only further increase the companys trust in the logistics firm (businesswire, 2011).Ethical Stand ards The code of ethics from Mercks website (2013) states Being a good corporate citizen means that we comply with all applicable laws, rules and regulations. Also, we serve our society, from the local communities in which we operate to the national and international levels, by supporting a number of programs, including those that improve health and promote environmental sustainability. All of our activities are guided by our corporate responsibility principle of Helping the World Be Well. (p. 1) Ethical Violations Merck &038 Co. ave developed some great products that have helped many people. They have even done some amazing humanitarian work that follows their mission of their code of ethics, which is to help the people of this world be as healthy as they can. For example, After World War II, many people who were living in Japan could not afford the Merck developed drug streptomycin (Miller &038 Goldman, 2003). Streptomycin was the first drug to fight tuberculosis. Merck decided to sell streptomycin at a much lower cost in Japan so it could be distributed to those who needed it and could not afford it at market value.Merck is also one of the nations largest donors to UNICEF. One of the ways that Merck has partnered with UNICEF is by donating a drug called Mectizan. Mectizan is a drug that Merck has developed to fight river blindness, and Merck has teamed up with UNICEF in order to distribute Mectizan to anyone who needs it (Unicef, 2013). But the business strategies for Merck have not always been as ethically sound as it may appear. On September 30th 2004 the drug that Merck had created to treat arthritis and severe pain, Vioxx, was pulled off the shelves for good.The reason behind shutting down this drug was that it was found to have caused serious illnesses after long term use, including heart attacks and strokes (Kay, 2004). Vioxx was withdrawn only five years after being introduced, but in that short time had effected many, in those five years there had b een over eighty million prescriptions for Vioxx (Kay, 2004). Dr David Graham, the associate director for science and medicine at the Office of Drug Safety, estimates that Vioxx caused between 88,000 and 139,000 heart attacks, of which thirty to forty percent have most likely died (Kay, 2004).But did Merck know of this threat before they started to market the drug? Before Merck released Vioxx in 1999 their own scientist conducted tests on Vioxx while developing it. In 1997 these scientist did a study and found that patients who were being tested on were six times more likely to have heart complications when using Vioxx compared to other arthritis drugs. But this study was never released and the data was never sent to the FDA (Culp &038 Isobel, 2007).Scientist also completed a VIGOR (Vioxx Gastrointestinal Outcomes Research) test on the drug and found evidence that people who take Vioxx had a five times higher chance of having a heart attack (Cahana &038 Mauron, 2006). In 2001 Merck s cientist had another test called meta-analysis. The meta-analysis tested 20,000 patients, and again showed that these patients were twice as likely to have a heart attack while taking Vioxx compared to other drugs (Culp &038 Isobel, 2007). Not only did Merck know about these risks and kept the results to themselves, they also trained their sales people on how to dodge the subject.In order to train the sales force who were going to be selling Vioxx to doctors, Merck developed a card game called dodgeball. The purpose of this game was to teach the sales force different ways to dodge questions asked by doctors about the effects Vioxx has on the heart (Daily, 2005). This again proves that Merck knew of these risks caused by taking Vioxx, but was trying to make sure that information was kept in house. Another instance where Merck lacked good ethical decision making is when they decided to pay Elsevier to publish a magazine for them. Elsevier is a publishing company that focuses mainly on medical and scientific literature.Mercks marketing team decided to pay Elsevier to publish a journal called The Australiasian Journal of Bone &038 Joint Medicine. This journal was made to look like any other peer-reviewed medical journal but it was far from it. Mercks marketing department handpicked the articles that they wanted to put in this journal, with the purpose of trying to control what articles were chosen to be in the journal. They took advantage of this situation by picking articles that favored Merck products and disguising this marketing scheme as a peer review journal (Grant, 2009).For instance in the second issue twenty one of the twenty nine articles spoke about Mercks products in a favorable way, nine of them positively talking about Vioxx (Grant, 2009). Merck also had an ethical downfall when management decided to change the prices of their product. Not only was Merck paying doctors to prescribe Merck medicine when patients were in the hospital, Merck also started to give hospitals a ninety two percent discount on their medicine with the idea that after the patient was discharged they would want to stay on the same medicine (Merck to pay whistleblower, 2008).The insurance company would pay full price for the drugs after the patient was discharged and that is where Merck would bring in their profit. An employee within Merck saw what was going on and didnt approve. A lawsuit quickly followed and Merck ended up paying $671 million, including sixty eight million dollars to the whistleblower (Merck to pay whistleblower, 2008). Even after settling Merck did not think they were in the wrong with this pricing, as Merck to pay whistleblower (2008) reported Merck making a statement saying they stands by its pricing strategies but is keen to resolve the dispute (p. 2). Unfortunately for Merck, Vioxx isnt the only drug that has caused people to question Mercks ethical decision making when it comes to their customers. As noted above, Merck released a dru g called Propecia to the public that helped men with baldness. The problem with Propecia is that men are starting to see a great increase in sexual problems. Merck says that only one out of fifty men will see significant sexual side effects, and those side effects will disappear after you stop taking Propecia (Thornton, 2011). But that doesnt seem to be the case.A recent study by Micheal Irving showed that ninety percent of his test patients still showed signs of sexual problems forty months after being off of Propecia (Thornton, 2011). This is where ethics will hurt Merck the most. Not only have there been hundreds of millions of dollars in fines and settlements that will be paid out, but if Merck continues to keep making unethical managerial decisions, Merck will lose the trust of their customers. Even though there is no evidence yet that Merck knew that Propecia would harm people after they stopped taking the drug, its hard not to think of how the Merck management decided to hand le Vioxx.The financial hit is a big blow that will slow present and future projects, but money is a lot easier to gain back than trust. References Berman, J. (2011, June). UPS and Merck extend relationship with a global supply chain focus. Retrieved February 2013, from http//www. logisticsmgmt. com/article/ups_and_merck_extend_relationship_witha_ global_supply_chain_focus/ businesswire. (2011, June). UPS and Merck Expand Their Distribution and Logistics Agreement. Retrieved February 2013, from businesswire. com http//www. businesswire. com/news/home/20110628005271/en/UPS-Merck-Expand-Distribution-Logistics-AgreementCahana, A. , &038 Mauron, A. (2006). The story of Vioxxno pain and a lot of gain ethical concerns regarding conduct of the pharmaceutical industry. Journal of anesthesia,20(4), 348-351. doi10. 1007/s00540-006-0432-7 Culp, D. R. , &038 Isobel, B. (2007, August 6). Merck and the Vioxx debacle. Retrieved February 13, 2013 from St. Johns University, Web site http//www. st johns. edu/media/3/2c0778b7593f4a178b60354abc80bad8. pdf Grant, B. (2009, April 30). Merck published fake journal. Retrieved Febuary 12, 2013 from, Web site http//www. the-scientist. om/? articles. view/articleNo/27376/title/Merck- published-fake- journal/ Daily, M. (2005, July 18). Merck used dodge ball on Vioxx questions-lawyer. Retrieved February 12, 2013 from, Web site http//www. redorbit. com/news/general/178738/ Kay, J. ( 2004, November 22). The Vioxx scandal Damning senate testimony reveals drug company, government complicity. Retrieved 2013, February 9 from , Web site http//www. wsws. org/en/articles/2004/11/viox-n22. html Merck &038 Co. , Inc. International Directory of Company Histories. 2000.Retrieved February 19, 2013 from Encyclopedia. comhttp//www. encyclopedia. com/doc/1G2-2843800076. html Merck Sharp &038 Dohme Corp. , a subsidiary ofMerck &038 Co. , Inc. (2009-2013). Retrieved February 18, 2013, from http//www. merck. com/index. html Merck to pay whistleblower . (2008). TCE The Chemical Engineer, (801), 12. Miller, C. , &038 Goldman, K. (2003, October, 23). Merck, aids, and Africa. Retrieved February 2, 2013 from New York University, Leonard N. Stern School of Business Web site http//pages. stern. nyu. edu/lcabral/teaching/aids. pdf Muse, L.A. (2011). Flexibility implementation to a global workforce a case study of Merck and Company, Inc. Community, Work &038 Family,14(2), 249-256. Singer, N. (March 9, 2009). Merck to Buy Schering-Plough for $41. 1 Billion. The New York Times, Retrieved from http//www. nytimes. com/2009/03/10/business/10drug. html? _r=0 February 19, 2013. Thornton, J. (2011). A Hair-Raising Side Effect. Mens Health (10544836), 26(10), 102-105. Unicef (2013). Merck &038 co. , inc. Retrieved January 12, 2013 from, Partners Web site http//www. unicefusa. org/partners/corporate/merck. html

Exploring ‘‘Woman’s sphere’’ Essay

George Sand and Harriet Beecher Stowe, as the twain popular nineteenth-century egg-producing(prenominal) authors, they had much in common, such as the strong spirit of license and fight for rights for women etc. However, they certainly had some differences too. In this essay, it leave behind be talk about their similarities, differences and which one is get out. Also, their success and construction to the society will be discussed too.Sand and Stowe were also facing problems as other women although they were known and successful in their careers. They had aristocratic background but they had already lived with poverty. They had the consider of turbulent years of civil and companionable strife. Compared to them, maybe Sand was the myopic one. Her love affair was not smoothly. After Sand end her offshoot unhappy marriage, she was living with a series of men, even people called her the nigh obscene of women. Stowe had the quite different modus vivendi. She was more conservati ve relatively. However, in the political area, Sand did not agree that the political rights for women, even suffrage.She valued social equality but not political equality. Stowe favored women suffrage and purpose that it was a way to advance the rectitudes of domesticity. Besides, this two writers also played an dynamical role on public affairs by writing. Sand in general focused on the injustices on women and the lower classes while Stowe was describing the predicament of slaves. However, each(prenominal) advocated that womans way of looking at things is valued and believed that it could jock to improve the world if the men understood it.The most important belief of them is that women had the rights to work and own property. Women should be paid equally with man. The love and virtue of women can change the world. It might be a little chomp exaggerated but the things they did were actually change the world and improve the rights of women.This two famous female writer were al so successful and contributive. Who was a better one to the society? Sand used a male nom de guerre and mens clothing to get more freedom. In addition, her lifestyle might be more open than many women nowadays.

Students Go to University After Graduating from High School or Go to Work

It is probably true that students who go in a flash from high naturalize to university or college do not get too many a(prenominal) benefits. Consequently, whatsoever assert that students should strickle a job or go locomotion before starting their university lives, which I fully agree with. First, those who go to university afterward one or two years work, get work recognize and earn salaries. Consequently in some western countries, most undergrad students pay their tuition fees by themselves. For example, for students who work in Starbucks, one of the benefits of having a job there is that they make lots of friends and get a hire at the same time.This set about is valuable. Perhaps when they graduate from their respective universities, they shed a much higher possibility of getting jobs. Similarly to go travelling in the real world is not a faulty choice either. Some would like to travel abroad, so that they enjoy share experiences with local people. They can share wit h other people observations with foreigners from different cultural positions when they are travelling in a different city or a foreign country. They never get this real life experience in the university.Nevertheless, most undergraduate students would still like to go directly from high school to university. It is a process of studying step by step. From primary school to university, they get knowledge only from the courses they take and many think,that just as the old saying goes that Knowledge is power, so they believe they still befool some benefit. To sum up, both alternatives have their advantages, but I support the idea that students are better to take a job or to go travelling before personnel casualty to university. (281words)

Life Is What You Make It Essay

It When view close to my view of the world, at that place is a jumble of different philosophies, beliefs, and ideas going away on in my head. There is so much to take into consideration, and it seems that everything is connected but as well as scattered in a way that it is demanding to really be able to dig deep and explain on paper what my worldview is. After many headaches and deep thoughts, I boiled it pile to the things that I could non get out of my head. No matter how unstated I tried, I could not get rid of these thoughts when cogitateing about what to say.These key parts of my worldview ar that I remember in the conjecture of evolution and the big bang theory, not that God created Earth. I call up in that respect is not a higher figure that determines where you go when you die. I also bank in a someones honorable to make choices regarding their own life. Although my set and beliefs may clear been influence from the nation approximately me, I feel that I have values and beliefs that argon truly my own and are not what others compliments me to value and recollect in.One of the freshman things that comes to my mind when hearing the volume worldview, is my view on whether or not there is a matinee idol and an afterlife. When I was a baby, I was baptised in the Catholic church,but I do not attend church on a periodic basis, and never have. Because of never going to church, I have very low knowledge of the Bible, and the beliefs of Catholicism. Having this little knowledge about religion versus the facts that I have learned in comprehension class makes it very easy for me to believe in the scientific theory of evolution.I have a grueling time believing that God created Earth and all its creatures, and plain that there is a God. Which leads me into my view on afterlife and how you get there. I believe that there is somewhere you go when you die. I do not believe that you just rot in the ground. However, I do not needs think th at it is heaven and hell, but Im not quite sure what it is yet. As far as getting to the afterlife, I do not believe that there is one figure deciding where you go when you die ground on the way you lived your life.Since my values were not based on religion, I believe in the freedom for a persons right to choose regarding their life and death. Abortion, assisted suicide, homo and good faith are all examples of the freedom of choices that I believe in. I think people have the right to make their own choices regarding their personal life, without the brain from God or even other people. Another very difficult value that I have is that I think it is wrong to justice someone based on their skin color, religion, body type, sexuality and even the opinions they have.I think that it is right to abide by rules and laws. If the majority of our hostelry did not follow the laws that we have, America would be in chaos. I equivalent the idea of a democracy, that everyone who wants a say g ets one, but yet there is a group of people who keep society organized. In my opinion, my values, beliefs and what I think is right and wrong have been shaped from different influences. Obviously, the first influence came from my parents. Growing up in their household has definitely shaped my beliefs.For example, my parents taught me to abide by the rules given to you. But there are also some things that I do not agree with my parents on. For example, my father thinks organism gay is wrong, I strongly disagree with that. Another factor influencing my values and beliefs is my peers. My values resemble my closest friends values and beliefs and because we have common views and that is why we are so connected. I grew accustomed to their values and beliefs because of being around my friends so often.In conclusion, my worldview is that there is no higher figure that determines your specify during life and when you die. Each individual personally has the right to make choices regarding hi s or her own destiny in life. I believe that my knowledge from science classes taught me that the Earth was created because of a big bang in the universe which is more powerful than my knowledge of how God created Earth and its species. My values and beliefs are truly my own, yet they would not be the same if I did not have the guidance and knowledge from my parents and peers.

Social Media Academic Essay

English 1020 October 31 2011 Menial Media Employees Waste Hours of Time on the net income Many batch agree that brotherly net shiting in the employment is un slight asking for disaster and blemish of productivity. Having different types of brotherly net feeds in the piece of lop could also lead to uncomfortable situations between coactors that could be bad for blood line. However, more disagree and believe that these grades hobo bring coworkers closer together. Not solely do they believe it would bring coworkers together, they also say that this could increase business due to the family-like style that the given slayice has.Although this may be genuine in some cases, studies show that the studyity of the m, societal networking is genius of the downfalls of a association be instance of web locates such(prenominal) as Wiki Links, Facebook and Twitter that cause disturbances in the workplace and may even cause some of the companys private training to be leaked. Because social networking sites ar such a distraction and cause prison term to be taken away from productivity, they should be banned from the workplace for employees. transport social networking into the workplace is some prison terms risky for one who is carrying to get a job.Employers hind end explore future prospects and see what their online life is like. Although a soul may non be able to be completely mute solely by their social networking site, an employer might judge them based off of it. For example, had someone had a picture of themselves tagged online for the public to see, an employer might prevail that bad publicity for the company and decide not to hire this person. However, those who apply for jobs have options to set their describes on private and social networking companies ar not held responsible for the material posted. When joining either MySpace or Facebook or Twitter, the user mustiness agree to the terms of service and to the meshwork sites p rivacy policies (Elzweig and Peeples Using amicable). If anything negative move ons in the line of a person not organism hired for a job due to a social networking site, that site will not be held accountable. In a fewer cases this does work unwrap to the benefit of the applicant. A CargonerBuilder survey of more than 2,500 employers, released in noble of this year, indicated 35 percent of respondents use social media to promote their companies(Hunt Finders Keepers).This pith that in that respect are endless opportunities for people to find jobs on advertisements of social networking sites. However, a company can also use these sites to see past jobs and responsibilities and declare up on their background. Again, this is good for some people, but for others it is a incubus having to go through their networking site and clear up their breeding. It is absurd for businesses to intercede in affairs that do not concern them. As capacious as an employee is doing his job ripe, then employers should mind their own.Employers who use social networking sites to hold back up or review their employees are not being addressate to the ain lives of their workers. If, perhaps, an applier has made it past the stage of being handpicked and selected through the unfair means of social networking, he should not be allowed to access his personal networking site during work hours. This is a major distraction that could cause hours of work and productivity to be put off so that employees can update statuses, tweet, and interrupt personal emails. Most business workers admit to spending at least(prenominal) one hour of their work time on a social networking site.Should companies be responsible for paying employees for this hour of free time? except 10% of business allow their workers to be on social networking sites whenever they recreate (Schiller Employers Crack). Some argue that these sites are simply mind refreshers for employees. However, many others make an ev en more valid point that if a worker really needed a mind refresher, then he should go on a ten minute walk outside less productivity lost, and such(prenominal) more healthy. complaisant networking sites cause too much distraction in the workplace and should not be allowed.If the distraction of checking the website a few times a daylight is not enough, then consider the possibility of cyberfights. Employees upsetting each other over these sites is begging for disaster. disgruntled employees lead to an unhappy workplace, so why allow the possibility of that to happen? Yes, it could be said that these social networks could lead to a family-like environment, however the possibility for the latter is much more probable. Coworkers disagreeing with each others personal lives is a major disaster to the stability of the workplace and could potentially lead to an employee being dismissed or susp terminate.Embarrassing, childish, and shameful arguments happen over the internet e real da y. unitary lawyer speaks,I dont need the world knowing every time I make a comment . . . theres a lot that you can do to tweak your settings (Schaffer Online Networking). What would stop these arguments from happening between coworkers in a workplace? Even friending coworkers is a potential problem, in particular if the operator of the account does not like work or does not like the people at work and forgets the incident that they have been friends.This occupational hazard could well be avoided by not allowing social networking sites in the workplace. sociable networks are meant for ones personal life work is not ones personal life, so one shouldnt mix the two. It is a bit of a gray area for or so people because they do not know whether they should add coworkers onto their sites or not. Workers should work during work time and play during play time. The two should never be mixed. It is simply unprofessional to have a Facebook page up small-arm at a work desk.There is a right time for everything, and the right time for social networking and communicating is for spare time , not working. neighborly Networking sites waste time and resources for the company. If one employee spends one hour of company time on Facebook everyday, it potentially costs his or her employer more than $6,200 per year (Facebook be). This time spent playing on social networking sites is losing businesses money, companies are better off retributory letting employees go home an hour primal without pay duration banning social networking sites, than allowing workers to waste this money.Another hazard of allowing personal lives to clash with work lives, is the material that is posted. It is almost too much zippo to make sure that the boss cannot see when, Called in sick to work- fishing Day is posted as a status. This could end a flow career. Once, I worked in a clothing store where a missy called in sick, only to post on twitter a few hours later that she and her friends were having a sleepover. This seems pretty harmless, and although I did not care, my boss was very upset.She left a memo on the board the next day saying that if people were not going to be smart close what they posted on their social networking sites, then they would be fired. It is also kind of a hassle to make sure that no unflattering pictures that shouldnt be seen by a boss, are not seen. If an applicant or employee demonstrates a lack of discretion and judgment by posting spring muffle photos showing himself or herself apparently intoxicated on a social networking page, an employer who finds these photos online may consider the photos when deciding . . . to retain the employee (Baker How Far).Some say that people who are this careless should be fired anyway, but most people are completely forgetful of who they have accepted as their Facebook friend and sometimes just dont think before they post. This scenario could be completely avoided if work and social media were not mixed. The Basic Information section on social networking sites is a element that could ruin many relationships at work. At work, coworkers probably do not know the entire background detail of many of their colleagues. Easy research could lead to uncalled for prejudices against others.Social networking sites are taken out of context when they are brought to the work place. That is not what they were meant for. Judgmental coworkers may read a fellow workers information and automatically decide not to like them because of the information put. The hasty inductance that is caused by these types of sites are negative because it is hard to get to know someone unless time has been spent with them. Social networking sites allow for the time spent factor to be taken away and hasty generalization on character to be in place. Even though the benefits of networking are obvious, the process of meeting modern people, establishing regular contact and building meaningful relationships, is consistently challenging (Crappell Preparing for headmaster). These sites make it easier to avoid face to face conversation with a person, and just assume that a person is exactly like their online profile. Accidentally talking bad about a friended colleague on a social networking site might be one of the most horrifying things a worker could do, unless this worker was talking bad about his boss.This isnt considered cyber-fights or cyber-bullying because it was purely an accident, and the gossiped about colleague knows that. For example, posting on Facebook that the man in the cadre to the right smells bad is not a good idea especially due to the face that he is bored and on Facebook as well. He sees this and does not want confrontation, so he picks the alternative The Silent Treatment. Social networking sites cause grown adults to act like children. People argue that this can be prevented by simply paying attention.That, however, doesnt factor in the fact that people forget names every day a nd could very considerably forget the name of the person that sits in the cubicle to the right. Social networking sites are not the places for colleagues to mingle and these sites should definitely not be brought in the workplace if they have the potential to cause this many problems. The viruses that these networks could bring in are often overlooked. Many focus on the loss of productivity, the arguments and the mixture of the post and the home. However, not many workers realize the threats that they could be causing their companies. A juvenile FBI report indicates that phishing scams are becoming more common on social networking sites through a combination of viruses, hacked accounts, and decoy messages (Schiller Phishing Scams). Personal information and company information may be accessed through these sights and that is a major hazard for these companies. At a local restaurant, one of the employees got on Facebook and was sharing information with a friend. Little did this emp loyee know that the computer was being hacked. She let out way too much personal information about herself and ended up having to get a new credit card and wobble her Facebook password.The dangers of these sites are unbelievable and the risk factors should be left outside of the workplace. Social networking is a distraction in the workplace that hinders work and can cause dangerous viruses to come through the computer. It causes workers to lose sight of their work while allowing them access to look at other coworkers online. It also allows room for dangers such as company secrets and personal information to be leaked. Social networking is not a good thing for the work place because of the extreme loss of productivity and money that is caused primarily by these sites.It may appear in effect(p) to the bonding of the company, but socializing time for coworkers should be set up at breaks from work and by voice only, not by a social networking site. Ones work and ones personal life sho uld not be intermingled by these sites. By banning these sites from the workplace, offices will be more efficient, and businesses will be better protected from hackers and spammers. Works Cited Baker, Natasha J. How Far is Too Far? Employers and the custom of Online Searches. Young Lawyer. Feb. Mar. 2008 4+. Academic OneFile. Web. 9 Oct. 2011. Crappell, Courtney. Preparing For Professional Relationship Building. American Music Teacher. June-July 2011 10+. Academic OneFile. Web. 26 Oct. 2011. Elzweig, Brian, and Donna K. Peeples. Using Social Networking Web Sites in Hiring and Retention. Decisions. 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