Monopolies and Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Monopolies and Economics - Essay ExampleEconomists deem debated the value and the cost of monopolies for centuries and still have come to no clear consensus. Even our laws that protect the securities industry from monopolistic practices have been viewed as incapable of defining the words market and monopoly. When does market sh are become a monopoly In the United States, the foul line is crossed when the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) interprets the anti-trust laws and rules that the actions are noxious to competition.The technical definition of a monopoly is a business that is the sole provider of a good or service that has no suitable substitute. Consumers are restricted to buying from the monopolist. Geographic checkations tail also make out a monopoly such as being the only doctor within a hundred miles. Monopolies can also exist where a regular manufactures a specialized product to a limited market. invigorated innovations may become monopolistic cod to patent restricti ons or until the innovation becomes more widely getable. some other characteristic of a monopoly is that in that location needs to be a barrier to entry into the market. This is usually due to high sunk-costs that prevent competitors from reaching an economy of scale. Though all these traits are seen in monopolies, many practices are labeled monopolistic because they restrict competition and are prohibited by law. Most of these practices serve to limit competition or drive competition out of business. Product dumping, price fixing, predatory pricing, and bid rig are all considered monopolistic practices. In the United States corporations are occasionally allowed to engage in a monopoly or monopolistic practices. Professional sports, utilities, government institutions, and markets with a single producer are sometimes exempted or protected. These protected monopolies do not always benefit from their monopoly status, as they may still need to be competitive to keep bleak entrants f rom competing. Major League Baseball is sometimes seen as a monopoly. However, there are substitute products in the form of other sports and entertainment activities. Though they prevent any new entries into the market, they cant be called a true monopoly. Even the US Post Office, a protected monopoly, has come low increased competition with the advent of new technology and services. Though they were once the only provider for their services, failure to innovate left them vulnerable to alternate suppliers. A criticism often leveled at monopolies is that they are contented and slow to innovate. .Monopolies can be destructive to the economy because they give the firm the opportunity to be a price maker rather than a price taker. The monopoly provide reduce the supply, which increases the price to the point that it maximizes earnings (Parkin 110). This point is almost always at a point above the price that would be available in a competitive market. According to Stigler, the purel y economic case against monopoly is that it reduces aggregate economic benefit. For example If a firm can sell 100 units when the price is $5 it will stupefy $500 revenue. If they price them at $7 they can only sell 80 units, but will have generated $560 revenue. However, the loss to the economy is 20 unsold units at $5 each, or $100. Though the firm has gained $60, the market has lost $100. This aggregate loss is known as deadweight loss and is what the anti-trust laws are designed to

Critically evaluate the global enviromental governance of climate Essay

Critic wholey evaluate the spheric enviromental formation of climate change - Essay ExampleWith all these aspects evident in modern society, various stakeholders in the society have become increasingly intricate in looking for the best ways to address spheric environmental threats. The global strategies that have been determine and used in addressing environmental threats constitute various approaches adopted and facilitated by communities, environmental groups, international businesses, and organizations (Speth and Haas, 2007). These global strategies constitute global environmental governance, which constitutes diverse efforts and strategies aimed at policy-making and government initiatives. The primary objective of much(prenominal) initiatives is to look and suggest for ways of preserving global environment while ensuring environmental sustainability (Speth and Haas, 2007). The performance of global environmental governance across the world varies, and the process has been characterised by numerous challenges, instances of success, and moments of failures. Therefore, it becomes important to evaluate the global environmental governance with the aim of identifying and suggesting strategies that can be used to improve the process. Global Environmental Governance consequence is profound concerning the geometric increase in human population, while resources acquirable remain constant or increase arithmetically. The net effect of this increasing imbalance in the world is the pressure exerted on the available resources and constant degradation of the environment. Human activities in modern world are characterised by increased degradation of the environment, including deforestation and reduction in vegetation to give way for infrastructural development, pollution of air and water resources, and desolation of natural fauna and flora habitats and water catchment sources. Increase in these problems has forced polar stakeholders at the global level to come o ut and strongly advocate for proper resource management and adequate economy of the environment through adoption of diverse strategies at the global level (Harris, 2012). Global environmental governance has numerous definitions. For example, Speth and Haas (2007) regard global environmental governance to be the total sum of all different strategies that individuals, institutions, and other stakeholders initiate in order to manage the common affairs of environmental matters. In almost cases, global environmental governance involves a collaborative cooperation between governments, NGOs, citizens movements, multinational corporations, global mass media, and global capital markets in undertaking management, preservation, and sustainability of the environment through rule and regulation enforcement and compliance (Winter, 2006). Similarly, Levy and Newell (2005) cover global environmental governance to constitute a broad range of political, economic, and social structures and processes that largely var. and limit actors behavior towards the environment. In this manner, environmental governance at global level can be seen to include different strateg

Case analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Case analysis - Assignment ExampleDuring the same time 2011, the net sales increased by 12%. By 2004 online sales made 50% of the total books interchange in the US. Currently, websites owned by independent used books account for 9% of total books sold online. Currently, virago is the leading online bookseller of used and new books. There has been passels of ambition with many authors opting to include shipping be for their consumers in order to increase their sales. Ironically, most of the consumers preferred purchasing used books due to their low prices. It is argued that disdain the book being used the information still re importants the same. According to reliable sources of information amazon generated 49% of its revenue through sales of used books.By 2010, most of the consumers used bookstores as their main sources of book which accounted for 30% of total sales. During the same year34 million customers bought books online. For quite a long time virago has been dominating this business since its inception in 1995. The entry of Google Books in the field of online sales and books is also creating competition (Deahl). This is because Google enjoys the vaingloriousst search engine in the world and their ability to provide online books at cheaper rates is creating a lot of competition for Amazon and other booksellers.Bookstore channel made significant strides and more sales with American company Barnes and Noble enjoying up to 1,700 stores in the US which accounted for 30% of total sales in the old age 2010. In the previous year 2009 the company was the best seller of online books which accounted for $5.8 billion and an operating profit of 0.63%. Amazingly, barely 10% came from online shops while the rest were made from the physical bookstores which are spread all over US. The bookstores were large enough ranging from 3000 square feet to 60,000 square feet meaning that the stores could make up to 200,000 different titles in their shelves. The increase in sales and

ENG 1 (should parents be responsible for their children's actions) Research Paper

ENG 1 (should parents be responsible for their childrens actions) - Research cover ExampleIt is the age at which a person is required to take full responsibility of his/her actions (Uniacke 57). forward attaining the maturity age, the look of a person is mainly attri stilled to the parenting style. It is more often assumed that the parent has a great influence on the actions of children since children often do what they have seen others do, and the parent is supposed to be in direct of helping the child to understand good and bad actions. In some instances, the child whitethorn act in a unique way that he has never seen anyone else do. Parents are in charge of ensuring that the children hire how to relate with other multitude. They are expected to teach the children to be respectful to other people as well as their property. This creates a general perception that guides the child in regard to welcome deportment until he/she attains maturity age. This paper is a critique of whe ther parents should be responsible for their childrens actions.The port of children is largely determined from their moral intelligence. This is the intelligence acquired as the children grow up while observing the behavior of others in the society (Coles 37). Parents are the closest members of the society to the children especially during early childhood when the child develops cognitive capabilities. They need to ensure that the children learn good behavior before they begin interacting with others in school as well as in other social settings. Moral behavior is learned throughout life, but the early stages of development are critical. Parents are required to act as the role models of their children.Kurcinka observes that children tend to learn from the actions of adults (56). If the children witness the parents engaging in unethical behavior such as lying to other people, it is marvelous that they will be convinced that lying is bad. This also applies to other actions such as vi olent behavior and the use of

AT&T MOBILITY LLC v. CONCEPCION ET UX Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

AT&T MOBILITY LLC v. CONCEPCION ET UX - Essay ExampleThe Ninth romance held a 5-4 decision that was written by Justice Scalia. The absolute majority held that the provision was unconscionable under the provisions of California law as held by the Discover Bank. Laster v. AT&T Mobility LLC, 584 F.3d 849, 855. This paper will analyze this case by explaining the issues involved, the majority opinion and excessively provide a stand on whether the minority dissent was better than the majority opinion.In the AT&T Mobility LLC v. Concepcion et ux. case, the Supreme Court in U.S ruled against the use of a state judicial ism that made the enforceability of an arbitrement understanding limited. This decision dealt a blow to consumers but proved a achievement to corporations and merchants. The Supreme Court ruled that the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) obstructs the application of a judicial doctrine (Discover Bank rule) used in California that gives courts the permission to hold unconscion able class action arbitration waivers in agreements with consumers concerned. The above doctrine applies in cases where the class proceedings involve an adhesion consumer contract, when disputes attract short amounts of damage and that the superior party in the contract has deliberately conned many consumers large sums of money. The Supreme Court ruled that the FAA obstructs the California rule, thereby eliminating strong basis for protecting consumers (Sergeant, 2012). This paper will discuss the AT&T Mobility LLC v. Concepcion et ux. case and the ethical issues in it.Vince and Liza Concepcion made a cell phone agreement contract with Cingular Wireless in February 2002. This contract had an arbitration clause that mandated all claims to be brought in the various(prenominal) capacity of the party as opposed to a plaintiff or class member in ant representative proceeding or purported class. The agreement gave the service provider permission to make nonreversible amendments willingl y. AT&T Mobility LLC took over Cingular in 2005 with all its consumer

Law of Evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Law of order - Essay Example?3 Lord Lane refused to follow the previous authorities and exclude the apology, because the confession obtained in the Fulling case did not involve any deliberate impropriety on the part of the constabularyman who obtained it. No intimidation was used, there was no bullying or hectoring, hence they could not be held to be oppressive.However, Dennis points out that the danger arising from the exclusions inherent in the definition of oppression in Fulling as follows The effect is that both the English and Australian Acts allow for the possibility of other, undefined, cases to fall within the prohibition on the use of oppression.4 Similarly in the case of Lam Chi-ming v the Queen, Lord Griffiths also explained the rationale for Section 76(2) in rejecting improperly obtained confessions, not only due to possible unreliability, but upon the principle that a man cannot be compelled to incriminate himself.5 Exclusion of such confessions is also mandated by civ ilized society that requires the police to contain properly with those in their custody.(b) The general position in law has been that even when a confession is do voluntarily, the Courts have a residual discretion to exclude it in order to preserve the fairness of the trial. Where the heading of inducement by an authority to elicit the confession by creating fear or hope of reinforcement arises, it must necessarily be excluded. However, Lord Lane articulates the view that an involuntary confession cannot be withheld as evidence, merely on the grounds of what the police had done or omitted to do.6 The difficulty of establishing implied inducement is his criterion for the disputation that every voluntary statement will become inadmissible if the motives of authorities are to be assessed, because the police are interested in solving cases. However, Lords Lanes statement cannot be applied indiscriminately, because of the limitations identified above as the general position in law.2 . Counsel may not be

FOOD INTAKE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

FOOD INTAKE - try out ExampleI have kept track of what I ate for three days. To keep accounting of the mentioned food divine guidance, I have used the iProfile tool. With its help, I have examined my eating habit. Specifically, I have tested to find out whether I eat the optimal amount of lipids, carbohydrates, fiber, and proteins.Lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins are the names of nutrients needed by each person in order to have their body functioning properly. In particular, protein is known to hunt down the role of building blocks for numerous things within the human body. To specify, the body needs protein to build tissue as well as bones, skin and cartilages. Protein is the building material for our hair and nails. Also, it takes part in the formation of enzymes and hormones in the human body. Having reviewed the intake of protein for the mentioned period, I can say that most protein that gets into my body is from eating beef and chicken. In addition, Ive got to know that p rotein is in many products that I consume without being aware of this. These are chocolate candies, potato chips, coffee, and salad. All in all, I get 47 g of protein.As for foods that provide carbohydrates in my daily intake, these are, first of all, booty and cheese. Some other things rich in carbohydrates are jalapenos, salad, and iced tea. My intake of carbohydrates is 182 g. As for lipids, I consume them within almost all food that I eat, including bake potato, chicken, beef, salad, etc. The intake of lipids is 73g. Commenting on lipids in my daily dose, it needs to be mentioned that my intake of oil is very low. With reference to My Pyramid, it corresponds to goose egg or below 10%.Having compared my data with DRI, I can say that my carbohydrates intake is rather low. Specifically, I consume 182 g it, however, needs to be 311-449 g. In order to improve this, spaghetti and whole grain bread may be added as a

The effect of drying process in Micro Brushes Case Study - 1

The effect of drying process in little Brushes - Case Study ExampleThis implies that the surface tension is not strong enough to accommodate the maturation in the pillar expandableity (Tresco 350).The elastic modulus of the pillars can also be altered by adding a softener to the original polymer so as to decrease the rigorousness of the pillars or mixing the polymers with Si nanoparticles to increase stiffness of the pillars. The result that the tote up of posts per assembly is inversely proportional to the modulus. When either the diameter or the modulus increases, the observed chemical chain of assembly size decreases, showing that the range is proportional to the supreme assembly size (Decker 620).Figures a, b and c above shows the effect of the pillar modulus concerning the size and arrangement of accumulated clusters. Figure d shows the plot of the number of posts per assembly as a function of the modulus for a certain given diameter (Kang et al. 6325).Evaporation-induced self-assembly in the micro brushes is due to the competition that exists between the capillary and the Van Der Waals forces. The inter pillar adhesion is also all-important(prenominal) in determining the nature of the final assembly of the micro bristles. The assembly is normally biphasic. The second degree is very much observable when the pillar stiffness is relatively high as observed in SEM image S2G. A large assembly forms under the influence of the capillary force but as the liquid dries, it breaks into smaller clusters that are equal to the immediate precursors. Given the fact that adhesion alone balances the elastic deformation in the dry system, it is observable that adhesion is not sufficient to maintain the last storage of the assembly. The balance between the adhesion and the elasticity determines the number of hierarchical stages that will be preserved in the micro bristles in the micro brushes. The balance between the elasticity and the capillary will determine the maximum size that the micro

Improving Organisational Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Improving Organisational Performance - Essay ExampleHence, sleepers ought to, abruptly, inculcate the transformation of the entire HR activities into to a greater extent appealing HPW systems instead than lag in the same old HR system. These upgrading results into a potential agonistical benefit encountering most challenges associated to low performance systems. It also augments the level of constructforce performance and pursuit in the welfargon of the organizations performance. In reference to (Datta, Guthrie & Wright 2005), affiliations that embrace the application of HPW systems or rather upgraded HR practices that respect and encourage operateforce performance, motivation and competencies experience augmented labor output and overall affiliation performance outcome. For success to be evident, affiliations ought to differentiate via service distinction, as they drive the content of their work systems with the business strategies of the organization considered. (Liao, Topa k, Lepak & Hong 2009 p.372) emphasized that the strategically directed approaches suggests that for the given argument to be effectively evident, affiliation work systems and structures ought to establish a horizontal fit within HR practices. This is in such a way that these practices match and complement well, achieving a resultant vertical fit, to align the affiliation strategies with the work systems. HPW systems are a comprehensive fusion of HR activities inclusive of compensation policy, participation of the workforce, and raining to drive in skills. These working systems augur perfectly with the affiliation work structures and occurrences meant to augment, by a vast scale, the resultant competencies, adaptability, tractableness and commitment of workforces(Bohlander & Snell 2010). Additionally, the working systems focus primarily on systemizing and synchronizing the various sections of the affiliation to aid it compass its goals and objectives within a specified time. In the entire study, I shall critically explore and discuss the HPW systems in Coca-cola and Renault companies. Coca-Cola Company Introduction In Coca-Cola, performance management entails yearly appraisal of workforces job performance and the processes of communicating working expectations, providing respective feedback on work performance on a recurrent basis that inculcates en-year rating. by means of this rating practice, the affiliation is able to promote, compensate and make other employment decisions. Contemporarily, Coca-Cola has substantially implemented a consummately ingenious Pm system for the corporate workforces in the review cycle for 2002. For instance, the corporation has inculcated a whimsical performance management system for the US workforces whose aim is to ensure a fairly documented work performance assessment that is based on work related measurements. Instantly, the system requires a worker to meet their manager at the start of every new cycle to define their per formance objectives. This aids the company to have complete control over their workforces performance behaviors. Renault Company Introduction Renault is an automobile company that has a distinct declaration to respect workforces basic rights and helping them to progress in their working environment through application of ingenious performance management practices. In order to cultivate a spirit of truth and complete transparency, Renault has established a good conduct code that guides its workforces to ensure that they deliver their best in terms of work

Book summery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Book summery - Essay exemplificationThe two fell in love and took their honeymoon on bicycles. The chapter punctuated with illustrative accounts depicts the nature with which a romantic copulationship can be intertwined to brood a healthy play relationship. It peeks with the two expanding the periodic gameboard by discovering two new elements, radium and polonium, which they recognize to be having radioactive properties.In the second chapter of the book, the brace progress with their work on the discovery of the new elements and embark on rigorous wear uponatory tests to settle the chemical properties and worth of the elements. This chapter is presented in a manner of dialogue between the characters giving the reader the importee of love in their relationship. Marie and Pierre curie recognizes radioactivity as an atomic property leading to a new way of thinking in the scientific era. This earns the lovers a Nobel Prize. This is the point the newspapers mythologizes the story of Marie and Pierre Curie beginning with once upon a time as an indicator of the importance of their scientific discovery. In relation to the current significance of the nuclear technology, the discovery can be appreciated and scorned with equal footfall as it has helped in the production of clean energy as well as adding threat to the globose peace. Chapter two of the book culminates with the tragic death of Pierre through a freak accident, opening a new phase of struggle in Maries life.Following the death of Pierre Curie, the third chapter, Marie is leave alone to jungle multiples of roles. She acts as a mother, a Nobel Prize-winning scientist and a professor. Nevertheless, despite the challenges, she persists in her scientific work and wins a second Nobel Prize in 1911. During this period, Marie falls in love again with a marital physicist, Paul Langevin. The love to the physicist reenergizes the work of Marie as the author puts it, After four years of steady labor they

Personal development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Personal development - Essay ExampleThe study of accounts at an undergraduate level opens the career path to be an accountant. Also my inclination towards the subject matter shall be beneficial for the future growth and prospects within the professional frontier.The role of a fiscal accountant is one that needs sound cognitive ability and good sense of judgement. The Big Four accounting firms participate in huge batches whenever they have requirements. Such recruitment is done mostly of fresh graduates who shall offer a abundant and collegial work environment. With a surrounding of people within the same age stem and the same inclination towards the subject, the environment becomes more acclaimed towards the company and the profession. Such opportunities help in developing great business networks as well (Tilus, 2012).The job of a financial accountant requires sound knowledge of the divers(prenominal) functions of the company because of the level of applicability of the finance department with all different departments of the company. This shall similarly help in boosting knowledge about overall company functions and relationship and strength of different departments. This also offers the scope to financial accountants to identify loopholes in business practices and suggest changes that might be beneficial to the company. The financial accountant is in a very advantageous position to help the management and develop oneself and expand the scope to the managerial levels than simply restricting one to the level of an accountant. The financial accountant is often promoted to the levels of production or trading operations manager because of his vast knowledge about various company functions like wholesale, retail, manufacturing, operations, finance and HR and also for the managerial skills acquired thereof.Accounting profession allows for interaction with a number of clients and

Quantitative Analysis for Managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quantitative digest for Managers - Essay ExampleThis essay describes an allocation of manufacturing command smashers and explaines it using an examples. This essay responses to the request for the analyses of the allocation of manufacturing overheads related to ii our products. A comprehensive report detailing the allocation basis and possibilities of our two products Rona Loa hot chocolate tree tree and Colombian drinking chocolate along with their related implications and recommendations argon provided for your study. Using activity based cost as the basis for designation manufacturing overhead cost to products, the researcher established the ingrained amount of manufacturing overhead cost assigned to the Rona Loa coffee and to the Colombian coffee for the year amounts to 32,900 AND 7,300 respectively. The amount of manufacturing overhead cost per kilo of the Rona Loa coffee and the Colombian coffee amounts to 0.33 3.65 respectively. The unit product cost of one kilo of t he Rona Loa coffee and one kilo of the Colombian coffee amounts to 4.83 7.15 respectively. The researcher also calculated costing as the basis for assigning manufacturing overhead cost to products, the total amount of manufacturing overhead cost assigned to the Rona Loa coffee and to the Colombian coffee for the year amounts to 32,900 AND 7,300 respectively. For detailed works regarding the calculation of these amounts please refer Appendix A and B. It also provides the reader with the detailed statistics tables and results.... Traditional costing systems therefore can result in significant under-costing and over-costing. However, traditional costing systems atomic number 18 simpler and easier to implement than rudiment systems. The use of such a rate enables us to determine the approximate total cost of for each one job when completed. In recent years increased automation in manufacturing operations has resulted in a trend towards machine hours as the activity base in the calcul ation. It is believed fluctuations in product costs serve well no useful purpose. To avoid such fluctuations, actual overhead rates could be computed on an one-year or less-frequent basis. However, if the overhead rate is computed annually based on the actual costs and activity for the year, the manufacturing overhead assigned to any particular job would not be known until the end of the year. Simplistic overhead allocations using a declining labour base cannot be justified, particularly when information treat cost are no longer a barrier to introducing more sophisticated cost systems (Drury 2004). ABC provides a guidance to allocate costs more accurately when overhead costs are not incurred at the same rate as direct labor hours. Using ABC means that all the individual activities that are part of a process can be accurately costed. For example in case of our entity it pass on be possible to accurately determine the cost of each activity involved in processing a coffee from in put to final packaging. In this way it will be easy to reveal the most and least expensive parts of the process. Process improvement activity could then focus on the most expensive parts of the process. A model could then be constructed showing a simile between the existing process costs and the redesigned process and its associated costs.

Evaluate teh Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 that focuses on Barriers Essay

Evaluate teh Pollution stripe Act of 1990 that focuses on Barriers of implementing of the Act - Essay ExampleTo begin with, in the full implementation of the meet in that respect was lack of the devoted man hours to properly implement it. This was actually caused by the fact nearly of the people charge with see the success of this act felt that all avenues had been explores as far as preventing pollution is concerned and that this act would not add anything substantial to the extent that thing had reached. Though close to of this is repayable to the lack of management committee that can coordinate the ground work, it was also noted that there was lack of enough resources. In assign to successfully achieve its objective then there has to a management committee which will be charge with responsibility of coordinating all the staff (Dale & Johnson, 1996).Secondly, some other major barrier to the success of this act was the fact that the project was deemed to be so much and thu s far many felt that enough had been done to prevent pollution. Its surely true that the implementation of this act would cost so much for the tax payers thus this was a big barrier in its implementation since the authorities was reluctant to pump that much need funds to speed up its implementation. Though, all is not as they could still depend on the multimedia results and conclusive data that had been taken before in identify to facilitate its implementation. These already existing data could be used in understanding the trend and conditions in the environment and public health (Dale & Johnson, 1996).There was also lack of enough priority from the business owner. This was due to the general awareness of the mandate as far as the prevention of pollution is concerned. In order to ensure success of this project then there has to be increased awareness especially of the EPA funded chemical substance and Pesticide Results Measure Project (CAPRM) and this would in turn help increase t he participation of many business owners.In addition, there was also lack of the regulatory enforcer. This to me I dont

Embedded Formative Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Embedded Formative Assessment - Essay ExampleIn essence, thither were certain types of instructions issued by the t separatelyer that seemed especially effective. For instance, the teacher would take us out to the world to learn about various phenomena and concepts related to the subject he was teaching. I think this was especially cooperative because we utilise to directly learn about the concepts in practical situations hence we did not only relish his teaching lessons however we used to perform well in his subjects. Another approach that the teacher used in class was the discussion sessions whereby every student participated hence improving the general grade of each one.I think that besides the effective instruction methods, the teacher also used various assessments including but not limited to continuous class tests, end of syllabus exams, and a number of research papers. It is noteworthy to note that the types of assessments used matched the instructions employed in variou s ways. In his instructions, the teacher always back up class participations in order to keep every student at par with the topic of discussion. possibly I have to reiterate that this was the most interesting teacher and class in my entire academic life at least up to this point and

Dimensions of Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dimensions of Culture - Research study ExampleThis means that slew in the unify States do not conform to each separate and operate while giving precedence to their own interest over the interest of the society and their family (Clearlycultural.com, 2009). In the context of the cultural dimension of masculinity, Americans experience more of a masculine cultural orientation. This is because in the United States more preference is given to the values of individual attainments as well as individual supremacy as compared to the feminine cultural values such as caring for others. The American citizens have no issues in managing and acting in uncertain situations. The citizens of America are more likely to face naked challenges and new scenarios in a positive manner and are always ready to accept change. Lastly, the people of the United States do not have a future oriented approach in their life (Geert-hofstede.com, 2015). They are more likely to live in the present and care about th e present. This can be witnessed through the fact that the people in the United States do not plan on delivery money and using it later in life and they rather obtain goods and services on character and pay for them as they

The novel Dracula by Bram Stoker Essay Example for Free

The invention genus Dracula by Bram Stoker EssayThe novel Dracula by Bram Stoker was written in 1897 during the Victorian period in England. This novel expresses the attitudes of that snip and also the changing dynamics between men and women. Stokers Dracula captured the imaginations of first the European countries, and then the worlds. This magnetised tale has remained popular for the last century for a myriad of reasons but mostly for its infamous implied sexuality.Although Dracula was not the first novel about vampires, it was the first widely read and mainstream book of the vampire knightly genre. The popularity of this book has been developing for over a century, and has spawned innumerable movies, television shows, books, magazines, music and with all those, a culture. iodin reason it was in truth popular when it was first published was because Stoker used a lot of original facts. The description of the eastern European countries excited his readers, because knowledg e of other cultures was belt up very limited.Most countries were still well preserved and distinct and therefore the knowledge of other ways, was very captivating, and gave the British public a chance to look down their noses at the other, more primitive culture. In the first chapter of Dracula, Jonathan Harker writes derisively in his journal It seems to me that the further East you go the more unpunctual are the trains. What ought they be in china? (p. 9) Next he describes scornfully the lowly peasant women The women looked pretty, except when you go near them, but they were very clumsy about the waist. (p. 9) Known for their colonizing of other nations and their belief of self-superiority, I assume that the British would scoff at the superstitious customs of Transylvanian and eastern European societies, and would also enjoy reading about such monstrous atrocities such as the un-dead. So, for the pure amusement of jeering at a foreign culture, the English mustiness have take n immense pleasure in reading Dracula for that reason.

Writing Style and Light Wine Essay Example for Free

pen Style and Light Wine EssayDifferent writing styles appeal to different audiences. In an plagiarize from, The Life of Samuel Johnson, by James Boswell, Boswell distinguishes between the two very different writing styles of Joseph Addison and Samuel Johnson. Boswell believes twain be very esteemed framers yet it is evident Boswell favors Johnsons style over Addisons. Boswell conveys his perspective on some(prenominal) styles with diction and devices, namely similes and metaphors. At first Boswell defends Addison against claims made on Addisons writing style as nerveless and feeble compared to that of Johnsons. In his passage, Boswell considers the social position from which Addison is writing from. He states Addison writes with the ease of a human race, indicating Addisons style has a casual, eloquent, and polite manner. Addisons style is flowing and easygoing like a conversation, indicating that he writes the way he speaks. He is to a greater extent(prenominal) like a n accomplished companion and does not write like he is above his audience from an intellectual standpoint but rather a learned colleague. Boswell signifies Addison is more relaxed with his writing and is easy to understand from the beginning to end.Addison insinuates his sentiments with an imperceptible influence. The way Addison communicates his ideas is not marvellous and not very forceful. He causes his audience to consider his point of persuasion and supports it with viable arguments bringing the proofreader to respect him. He is more like a light wine where he appeals to everyone. In contrast, Johnsons style is bolder and more forceful. Boswell observes that Johnson writes like a teacher Johnson as opposed to Addison makes himself known as the high intellectual to his audience.Johnson does not hold back and states his arguments firmly like a professor speaking in front of his students. He dictates to his readers as if from an academical chair and does not simply suggest hi s point like Addison but conveys it with a commanding nature. Johnsons readers do not just respect him, they look at him with awe and admiration. Boswell is one of those readers who unwraps Addisons writing pleasing but prefers a more intellectually raise read that can be found in Johnsons devise.Boswell sees Johnsons writing as more invigorating and captivating to the ear, writing that others aim for. Highly relished and like liquor of more consistency is how Boswell describes his view on Johnsons writing. The after effect of Johnsons work is more lasting and is far more appreciated by those looking for more substance. It is apparent Boswell favors a more mind stimulating read. Readers find enjoyment in Addisons work but are astounded by Johnsons. He states both styles appeal to different audiences, with readers fancying Addison but admiring Johnson.Boswell respects Addison and does not show any disrespect to him in the to the lowest degree but clearly favors Johnsons style. He praises both authors but elevates Johnson in a subtle way. Boswell contrasts both writers as Addison being more like light wine and Johnson as liquor of more body. Liquor is more complex while light wine is simpler. It takes one with refined taste to to the full appreciate the boldness of liquor versus a common wine that is simply pleasing to everyone. Addisons work can still be enjoyed but Johnsons work is for those who wish to be intoxicated with knowledge.

Extended Trial Balance Essay Example for Free

Extended Trial Balance EssayThe lengthened mental test dimension works in very much the same way as the psychometric test balance except that there are a few revisions to make after which you can then classify out the entries that belong to the balance sheet and which belong to the income statement.The extended running balance is used for reservation adjustments to the accounts at the end of an accounting flow. The reason for this is because of the matching principle of accounting, where revenues are matched with expenses in the accounting period in which they were incurred adjusting entries need to be do. These adjusting entries account for such things as expenses that have been incurred but not notwithstanding paid, revenues that have been earned but not yet recorded, and depreciation on equipment.Using the extended trial balance also ensures that the full double entry method is used correctly to each adjustment without having the wait for the adjustments to be writt en into the ledgerExample of extendedThe picture shows that caller have made a profit of $3,500 and also the document is ready for the end of the accounting period. However, if the columns above did not equal, the company would have to look to see what error has been made.In the picture you can see extended trial balance with the adjustments and extended figures made and the totals of the columns show to agree. If you are an accountant and you will be using this extended trial balance, you will be able to calculate whether the company has made profit or a loss.From this picture, you can also see that the accountant set up extended trial balance and added the adjustments which include salaries expenses, accounts receivable and revenue. When the adjustments were made the total for each pair of columns (debit and credit) should equal each other which have shown to be true in the table.

Mean-Variance Optimization “Stimulation Approach” Essay Example for Free

Mean-Variance Optimization Stimulation Approach searchTo use of the proportionateness of payments as a barometer of the forces of demand for and supply of foreign supercede in the grocery store, it is necessary to isolate those entries which respond to relative frugal conditions from those transactions which are made solely to fill the infract betwixt the initial supply of and demand for foreign substitute. The current account balance is practically considered to be a measure of these forces. In 1980 the U. S. current account balance showed a superfluity of $ 3. 72 billion. (Groppelli, 2000)This surplus indicates that the supply of foreign currency exceeded the demand for foreign currency used to trade goods, services and gifts between the United States and the rest of the world. In the absence of any other transaction in the balance of payments, this balance will tend to put downward pressure on the price of foreign currencies against the U. S. dollar. Presenting the return for the equally-weighted portfolio of funds, the encourage weighted portfolio of funds, the return on the S P 500 and the percentage of funds that the S P 500 index beats.A nonher greens approach to determine the impact of balance of payments developments on exchange rites is to obtain a reading of the forces in the market place, excluding the entries which reflect government intervention in that market, the overall balance, changes in the official re work ons of the United States and in the dollar reserves of foreign governments are considered to be the fender accounts which bridge the gap between private supply and demand for foreign currencies relative to the U. S. dollar.We develop and research the open economy intertemporal model in a slightly different manner. It provides insight into the gains from intertemporal trade, and the determinants of the optimum report card of the balance of payments. Mean Returns and Standard Deviation Low-risk profit is not typically associated with the management of foreign exchange exposure. The key to the success of the model is not in the superiority of its forecasting equations, since these equations are far to a greater extent simple than most of the alternatives used in the forecasting industry at the present quantify.Instead, the success is referable to the use of diversification present in the model. By taking account of the interaction between forecasts, uttermost(prenominal) positions in any currency are avoided. Since forecast errors are often highly correlated, small market biases may be profitably exploited. Every decision has its own tools to use in where you will be able to map out the likely consequences of decision, as you work out the importance of individuals factors and choose the best course of action to take. The result of the said decision must correlate with strait-laced action to achieve success.Whatever else happens in that decision, the manager must give up some control, and it cannot pass away without the input of those concerns, and follow the procedure which is included in the process it self. It does need a variation of st regulategies and its up to the management to choose from those choices. Each business has its own problems to take and they have several of practices and strategies to bulk with, these practices and strategies have been cited in the management procedures particularly appropriate in decision makingThe length of time required to close the deal. Second, cash transactions are often easier to execute than stock transactions. However, the fact that mergers and achievement are undoubtedly popular as methods of business growth may lead us to discontinue that they are always successful. In practice, this is not always true. A number of studies have analyzed the movement of companies after integrations and the findings are not very encouraging. This is just one of the reasons why in recent studies that legion(predicate) corporate marriag es failed to work and ended in divorce.Optimal Portfolio may have contributed to some integration failures. bodily growth can be restricted by government, as companies are only allowed to establish a certain market share. The integration which would result in the new organization controlling of 25% of the market is generally subject to government scrutiny which often results in such an analysis being blocked. existence prevented from expanding in a related area may force some companies to take the more big route of diversifications, acquiring a company making different products in different markets. DataAn deck up data distribution is provided so that when needed it will be one click away from the grey system. Whats more these systems assist the organization in attaining its goal and will have an edge from other competitors callable to electronic data capture and distribution that will help the company to have a better business opportunity, all because of major development. I t only means new and better systems that allow the company to serve their customers in a well-organized manner, it also lessens the companys expenses but rather have an increase in accurateness of orders.All the resources and requirements must be clear and have some allocation for supposition and documentation for some issues that need to be revised. Compile all the documents under control, this will help you mange the alteration that you think is not needed to the project. If ever a major change is needed you have to adjust youre cost and estimated time. Documenting this factors help you account the changes, furthermore you will be able to explain thoroughly to your clients and stock holders. organize project management it should contains logic, organized way and has subsequent defined steps, so the company must hold back a written method where in the description of logical, organized approach is being used. Easily confirm and so predominate in evaluation, many such standards are used. Just as fantasies help chemical group members create a shared authenticity from perspective, stories, within narrative theory help collectively social system experiences for group members and thus serve as a foundation on which members form a common bond.They are fundamentally descriptive techniques that should be used primarily. These statistical packages contain a set of statistical test and manipulations. Descriptive or non-parametric, simple regression, analysis of variance and multivariate analysis, it recommended that any reasonably full-grown set of data be handled through a true database or spreadsheet as described supra and these files be simply read into the statistical program. There are experimental designs used most often in social and administrative science researches are simple randomized designs, randomized block designs. competent Frontier Efficient frontier incorporates many benchmarks that are used in financial analysis namely earnings, gross margins, direct margins, working capital, leverage, growth rate, etc. A company has the ability to influence its operating performance through a number of internal and external means. These include selling more products via increase marketing, enhancing margins by lowering cost structure or raising prices, or entering into new markets or selling new product lines.International market can also play an important design in improving operating performance. And there is several aspect of corporate culture that should be considered in the context of understanding the impact those mergers in the organization. The numerous models of exchange rate determination proposed in the economic literature differ primarily in their treatment of the degree on integration of national economies into a global system.The first point of connection as is seen in the debate surrounding purchasing role parity, is the extent of integration of goods markets, the question being, how freely interchangeable are domestic a nd foreign-produced goods? Providing the basis for exchange rate management the asset approach is an improvement compared with the simple monetary model. In the asset approach the real exchange rate is given an explicit role. However, the approach is unlikely to provide an adequate basis for regulation, when the substitution bank is concerned about the variability of the exchange rate.

My Best Friend Essay Example for Free

My Best Friend EssayBelieve it or not, my best(p) friend is an elderly woman in her late 70s. Her name is mare. She is Spanish decent, married, with no children. We couldnt shape up to be more different. female horse and I met at the gym last year. Thats about either we had in common when we met that we were both active and healthy. Many people would question why I would burst such a close relationship with someone more than twice my age. It was our differences that actually brought us close.Maria had already been through all of the things that I had yet to face in my life, and she had a lot to acquire me. I was a ready listener, as I was facing things in my life that I had never experienced before. I needed guidance and friendship, and Maria was like an angel sent to guide me. I enjoy spending time with Maria. She is pleasant all the time and precise easy going. I chiffonier talk to her about anything, and she seems to know just what to say or when not to say anything at all.She is very confident and doesnt try to impress anyone by pretending to be someone she is not mayhap this is why I am so drawn to her. Maria is very happy with her life scorn the fact that she never had children and is in the winter of her life. She has given me the opportunity to look at my life in a different perspective and to accept and be proud of all of the choices that I have made, slice at the same time offering guidance for my future. Every moment I spend with Maria is a gift. I cherish it. I hope she gains as much from our friendship as I do.

Bad Grades Essay Example for Free

Bad Grades EssayI am writing to offer an explanation for a switch in academic performance that is noticeable on my high school transcript.From the start of my freshman year until the end of my junior year, it is evident through analysis of my transcript that I have been an above honest student consistently throughout my high school career. However, starting at around August 2010, problems arose in my family of which I call back made it impossible for me to continue my 100% focus on school. Halfway into my senior year, my father was laid off from his job. Since he was the only source of income at that time, our family of five was forced to act from our comfortable lives at our four bedroom house into our grandmothers two bedroom house. This was a drastic change for all of us, as we have never shared a house with anyone, oddly one of this size. I no longer had a room in which I was able to do my schoolwork in silence. This drastic change, I believe, interrupted my focus on s chool because of the attention it infallible from me. During my first semester I was often required to miss school by my parents, reason being that I had to help out in the movement process and had to visit an ill uncle out of town.I chance on full responsibility of my underperformance during the first semester of my senior year and am not look to make excuses. My briny goal in making this letter is just to offer insight on what it is I believe influenced my underperformance.I sincerely ask you to consider me as an applicant and to not let this recent semester throttle me as a student. I greatly appreciate your time in reading this letter.

Nick Djokovic Essay Example for Free

gouge Djokovic EssayIn todays world, there atomic number 18 many sport figures one provoke look up to. We have chosen the best of the best in the tennis world, Novak Djokovic. Djokovic is a Serbian professional tennis actor who is currently graded world phone number 1 by the companionship of Tennis Professionals. Despite being the underdog during his early years as a professional tennis player, he is now the best professional tennis player overtaking the previous king of tennis Rafael Nadal. incessantly since the age of four, he has been interested in tennis. Unlike most children his age, it was not a fleeting interest.He was determined to achieve his dream of becoming the best tennis player in the world. With his steadfast dream, he has won six Grand Slam titles and has brought him to where he is now.This report will cover Djokovics personality, set and attitude, motivation and leadership skills that had helped him to achieve his dream. The points highlighted are simi larly the main reason he is worth pursuit as an influential leader.2.0 PersonalityThe big five model of personality consists of extraversion, neuroticism, agree powerfulness, painstakingness and openness to experience. Djokovic screwing be seen as a person that is highly extrovert as he is fun-loving, expressive and sociable.During his replication as the winner in the Australian Open, he was so overjoyed that he threw his racket, wristbands and his shirt to his fans (AOL News, 2011). Djokovic is also socially attached to his fans that he created an application known as Nole4You that focuses on a direct reportage of Djokovics real time games (New Newsworthy, 2012a). On the other hand, Djokovic is low on the neurotism category as he is often balanced and emotionally stable. According to Suttles (2013), Djokovic was gracious in toss off as every defeat he channels it back into better concentration for the next match.Next, Djokovic is rather high on the agreeableness meter as h e shows a great deal of care towards others through his charities. Djokovic created the Novak Djokovic Foundation which supports adolescent children from disadvantaged communities especially in native Serbia (New Newsworthy, 2012b). as well that, he was also elected as the ambassador of The United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) in Serbia as he was utterly concern in the public assistance of the people in his hometown as well as the importance in early childhood raising in Native Serbia (Look To The Stars, 2011).He was also keen in participating in fights for the betterment of federation such as the fight against acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) which required him to use the Head Red special edition pocket edition collection from Head to the French Open Grand Slam (Look To The Stars, 2013a). Djokovic is also high in conscientiousness as he is responsible for his move and he is well organized after his achievement in the Australian Open.Although being reckless in his previous season, he is where he is now due to his thorny bunk in perfecting his service techniques and getting his diet right (Carter, 2011). According to Djokovic in an interview, he wants to be consistent in his games and to do this, he has to stay fit and take care of his health and somatic condition (The National, 2011). Lastly, Djokovic is very open to new experience.One afternoon in year 2010, Djokovic received a phone call from Dr. Igor Cetojevic who said that his fatigue in the 2010 Aussie Open was due to his diet that consists of glutens that commenced an accumulation of toxins in his large intestines. Djokovic listened to his advice to practice a gluten-free diet as well as to build him up spiritually. Besides that, Djokovic also took risk to change his serve technique as advised by Marian Vajda. As a result of Djokovics openness, he no longer suffers from fatigues and he felt much happier and balanced. In addition, a change in his serve technique enabled him to defea t the former world number one five times consecutively and brought him to the top of the tennis world (Saslow, 2012).3.0 Values and AttitudeAs a well-known figure in the world of tennis, Djokovic has certain value that enable him to enjoy the winner that he has today. According to George and Jones (2012, p.93), set are defined as personal convictions about what one should sieve for in life and how one should behave. Values are further divided into two categories exert values and ethical values. In hurt of work values, there are intrinsic and extrinsic work values. In definition, intrinsic work values are values that are related to the nature of the work itself. many examples of intrinsic work values that are prominent in Djokovics work are the ability to make important contributions to the public, the interesting work and the challenging work that can be done. Firstly, in terms of the ability to make important contributions to the public, Djokovic is well known for his philanth ropic work. Due to this status as the highest ranked tennis player, he is very well-connected and is able to influence his fans over his beliefs.From this, he has helped to raise cognisance for AIDS, human trafficking, poverty, human rights, womens rights, childrens rights and many more (Look To The Stars, 2013b). diversion from that, his ability to make important contributions to the public and society is further supported by his status as the ambassador of UNICEF in Serbia. Aside from him advertising his beliefs on social media such as Facebook, Twitter and his video blog, UNICEF has also advertised their cause through Djokovic because of his popularity among the younger generation (UNICEF, 2011). Although generating a high pay from his career, he did not choose this career lifestyle because of it. He started playing tennis at the age of four and played professionally when he was 16 years old.This is due to his passion and interest in tennis. He has trained and played in every s ingle tennis tournament to gain the experience he needed. Even though he has been injured quite a number of times in terms of ankle and knee injuries, that has neer stopped him from pursuing his dream of being the best tennis player (Mitchell, 2013). However challenging his work may be, Djokovic never gave up. He continuously pursues his dream of being the best. After relentless practice and competitions, he finally replaced Roger Federer as the top ranked tennis player in the world.This attitude of his is admirable and serves as a constant reminder to his fans that nothing is impossible. On the other hand, extrinsic values are values that are related to the consequences of work. One of the more prominent extrinsic values is the high salary. Not just now does he get paid for playing tennis, he gets paid through his endorsements deals with well-known companies such as UNIQLO, Fitline and Telekom Srbjia (Badenhausen, 2011). His salary also includes appearance fees, exhibitions and p rize money. Besides that, his career as a tennis player provides him with many job benefits. One of the many is fame. Unlike most athletes, Djokovic enjoys being in the limelight and often shares news and funny anecdotes of his life with his fans. Next, his job provides very flexible working hours.He practices his tennis with his animal traineres at any time he wants. Due to his flexible working hours, he gets to spend more time with his family and to indulge in vacations as well as hobbies. According to George and Jones (2012, p.97), work attitude is defined as the collection of feelings, beliefs and thoughts about how to behave in ones job and organisation. Although similar to values, work attitudes are more specific and are not as constant as values as work attitudes change over time. In 2008, although he was winning tournaments, Djokovic hired a new fitness coach in hopes that it will help boost his performance. After the change, he was able to defeat the two ruling champions in the tennis world, namely, Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal. His attitude changed once a new factor was introduced into his life (ESPN, 2010).

Technology Making Our Lives Easier Essay Example for Free

Technology Making Our Lives Easier EssayAs we atomic number 18 raised in a society where everything is simply handed to us, we tend to take m some(prenominal) things for granted that others in the world do not have. Things like GPS, phones, credit cards, cameras, and insulin pumps help us live a qualitative and productive life sentence and NASA has played a very key role in developing many technologies like these. From ultraviolet braces to long-distance communication devices, NASA has brought up inventions that we consistently use every day in our lives. A device that many people in the world rely on everyday and something that has made a huge difference in peoples lives is the pee filtration system(s). NASA first made it to be apply on the distance station or in a spacecraft, and since then the water filtration system is a must-have in any place in the world. NASA showed amazing ingenuity to control bacterial contamination in space, and because of that, we have knowledg eable how to control pollutants in water here on earth.We see water filtration systems more than we think, and it allows us to have a go at it a healthy lifestyle. Whether its through swimming pools or manufacturing processes, the water filtration systems affects our lives every day in a positive flair. There are many different types of water filters and you can classify them by the way they black market, but they all need to do one furrow and thats efficaciously filter and purify water. ace type of a water filtration system is the reverse osmosis, which is the process of removing dissolved inorganic solids out of a solution (water).This type of system involves using many different filters and membranes in order to purify and change the drinking quality of water. There are also ultraviolet systems which do a remarkable job at disinfecting water. Ultraviolet systems can destroy 99. 99% of harmful microorganisms in the water very effectively and they do this by using a lamp or bulb which emits UV light which is then used as energy to attack the microorganism in the water and essentially destroy it, thus fashioning the water free of future bacteria.There are many other type of systems like the silly Clearwater systems (which are based on NASAS late 1900s technology) which are not only used for drinking water in the home, but also for pool and shower water. These type of large-scale systems clean the water in a pool or hot-tub by using the same type of strategy as the UV systems. They release ions like copper and silver to destroy bacteria and algae in the system. These type of systems would work better than cleaning with chlorine because they have less nwanted side effects like burning eyeball and bleached skin or hair (due to the copper and silver ions not dissipating from heat and sunlight, unlike chlorine) and they are more stable and productive to work with. Water filtration systems affect our lives everyday throughout everything we do. Without them , clean and purified water would be difficult to come across, and civilization would eventually come to a halt. Whether its the water that we drink or the pool that we love to swim in, systems like the reverse osmosis and the Carefree Clearwater are at work and doing an flimsy job in order to make our daily lives healthy and enjoyable.

Tivo Marketing Case Analysis Essay Example for Free

Tivo Marketing Case Analysis EssayThe disappointing sales performance during the Christmas 1999 season terminate up being a hurtless lesson for TiVos marketing team it was the catalyst that created the need for a TiVos new communications strategy. However, defining this new marketing case was ch all toldenging, especially after the feedback stock about the merchandise indicated issues like limited aw arness and hard-to-communicate functionalities. The main focus of this new marketing campaign is to select a positioning strategy that get out speed up the adoption of TiVo among consumers. The marketing team has three options on how to position TiVo 1) as an intensify digital video rememberer, 2) as a product that gives viewers the ability to create their own tv set network, 3) or as a super VCR. I recommend that they position TiVo as the super VCR that gives users a unique TV experience. Analysis TiVos potential goes beyond the introduction of an ripe electronics product it has the power to change the habit of how Ameri croupes watch telecasting system.So far TiVos penetration has been extremely limited, many consumers are not advised of its existence, and at the point-of-sale, the salespeople are encountering difficulties in explaining the benefits of the product. Moreover, TiVo represented a totally new innovative product that targeted the enhancement of tv viewing, which was clear not on anyones priority list. To communicate TiVos advantages, the marketing team has considered using various advertising sources for different purposes. However, this approach eliminates the possibility of communicating a consistent message across all potential buyers.Without a consistent message, consumers will be confused of what TiVo truly represents. Most consumers are aware of what a VCR is, so positioning TiVo as the super VCR would make it easier for consumers to associate it with a familiar product and its functions. If the message behind TiVo focuses o n providing users with the ultimate television experience, consumers are likely to be curious about what this super VCR is all about. It indirectly encourages consumers to try this state-of-the-arte innovation.The drawback of positioning TiVo as an enhanced digital video recorder is that consumers can view it as an extremely high technological innovation, not suitable for a typical household, but apt for technologically savvy consumers. Digital recorders are a relatively new innovation, with a limited awareness and familiarity among consumers. It narrows TiVos ability to reach a wider rove of consumers. Positioning TiVo as a product that allows any user to programme his or her own TV network not only focuses on one of the many features of TiVo, but the idea behind it is alike abstract.TiVos relative advantage is high, as its innovation is significantly better than the products it is replacing, specially the regular VCR. beforehand TiVo, the average household spent more than 7 ho urs watching TV. TiVos intent is to make television viewing a lot more enjoyable, making it a totally new experience. Thus, its functionality is highly compatible with the existing consumer behavior. However, due to the many benefits the product offers, many consumers wee difficulty understanding all the benefits of the product. well-nigh users even had trouble using the system, which is not very easy to use therefore its complexity is high.The trialability of TiVo is low, since the product can be experimented most of the time either in retail stores through a expression or through the online demo available at TiVos website. TiVos observability is currently low, since many consumers have a lack of awareness of its existence. Finally, the risk involved with TiVos launching is high, as there is an of import amount of capital committed to the success of the project. TiVos proposed positioning as the super VCR can be analyzed with the Marketing Mix analysis. Product.TiVo, the super VCR, is the first digital video recorder that empowers television viewers to create their own personal television network. Viewers can pause live television to attend interruptions such as phone calls or unexpected visits. It gives viewers the freedom to watch whichever program they want, whenever they want. With TiVos capacity to store up to 30 hours of recorded television, users reduce the hassle of using videotapes to record television programs. Users virtually eliminate the possibility of missing their favorite shows, since they can set-up TiVo to record them.With these aforementioned features, TiVo will revolutionize the way Americans view television. Price. The current harm of $999 for the 30-hour TiVo box is extremely high. It can easily dissuade any early adopter or a TV addict. Hence, the marketing team should reduce the price to $399, even lower if financially viable. The more attractive the ticket (i. e. TiVo Box) for the ultimate TV experience, the easier consumers wil l be lured in. The service fee structure seems at a very reasonable price, it requires no major price adjustments. Place.Electronic retail stores, such as Best Buy, Circuit City, and Sears serve as the best bring to sell the product. It is imperative that the marketing team discontinues a training program for the sales force of those retail outlets. Many consumers will have their first TiVo experience in a retail store hence, the salespeople essential be prepared to demonstrate the benefits of TiVo in a flawless way. The internet should be used as another channel to sell the product, especially the TiVo website, where it must have a friendly-user demo, so customers can move with TiVo.Promotion. Consistency is the key to launch a successful communication strategy across the different media sources. The marketing team should focus on attractive ways to create the need and dependency of TiVo. Offering a 30-day free trial for the TiVo recorder and service is an excellent way to allo w consumers to fully experience TiVos benefits. Presenting testimonials of TiVo users about their positive experiences with the product stimulates the curiosity among consumers who want to know what the super VCR really does. passPositioning the TiVo as the super VCR that provides the ultimate TV experience will speed up the adoption of this innovative product. This theme stimulates a very particular interest among those who consider watching television as a means of entertainment. Moreover, delivering this message builds on TiVos brand identity, which can be associated with the innovative super VCR that changed an old-fashioned lifestyle. TiVo is more than the first digital video recorder that gave consumers the opportunity to develop their own personal television network it is the super VCR that is making the habit of watching TV as the ultimate experience.

Women in the Civil War Essay Example for Free

Wo custody in the Civil War EssayHistorians concur that World War II changed life for American women in the 20th century. The Civil War had scantily as great an impact on the lives of American women in the 19th century. (http//www.defenselink.mil) Staying at home, women could help the struggle effort by running businesses, making clothes, and victorious fearfulness of their farms, provided some women wanted to do more. Some women went to become nurses and helped wounded soldiers, some became spies, and still others posed as men and enlisted in armies, just about all women did their best to help during the civil war. Over 3,000 women served as nurses between 1861 and 1865. Since nursing schools were not effected until 1873 they had no formal training. Many had no work experience outside the home. (http//www.northnet.org) As nurses, women worked in hospitals taking care of wounded soldiers. The novelist Louisa May Alcott described the soldiers as riddled with guessing and shell and torn and shattered. 2 famous nurses were Mary Edwards Walker, who earned a Congressional Medal Honor for her medical service, and Clara Barton. Clara Barton was known as the Angel of the Battlefield, she used her home as a ware kinsperson to store medical supplies, and with the help of her friends, she distributed them to troops. When the organization began to send adequate supplies, she began an organization to locate missing soldiers. In 1869, she founded the American Red Cross, afterwards travelling abroad. Dorthea Dix, who originally worked towards improving the care of mentally ill people, was recruited as the superintendent of the Union army nurses.She make hospitals, oversaw sewing societies, helped get medical supplies, and recruited and trained women to be nurses. Her requirements in a nurse were strict not too young, not too pretty, and of strict moral character. She preferred farm women accustomed to the sight of blood. Nurses wore lonesome(prenominal) p lain brown or black dresses with no hoop skirts, jewelry, or accessories and no curls. (http//www.northnet.org) Many women became nurses to care for loved ones who had been injure in battle. Maria Eastman Olmstead Eldred, Ellon McCormick Looby, and Alvira Beech Robinson were a few nurses who left their homes to care for their injured husbands. (http//www.northnet.org) Many of the nurses were unprepared for the challenges and horrors that would face them. However, surrounded by death, confronted with the mangled bodies of soldiers and piles of loose limbs,they persevered.Other women took a more active role in helping with the war and became spies. Two such women spies were Ginnie and Lottie Moon. They were two sisters who spied for the companions during the war. They were born(p) in Virginia but moved to Oxford, Ohio when they were young. Their home, The Moon House is a historic site in Oxford. Emmeline Piggott was other spy and smuggler. She carried supplies and messages in large pockets under her full skirts. After doing this many times, she was caught, arrested, and imprisoned. However, she was released and sent home eventually. Elizabeth C. Howland was some other successful Confederate spy. She sent her young son and daughter to carry messages. The young children, appearing innocent, were allowed to gag through enemy lines. (http//userpages.aug.com) One of the most famous female spies was Belle Boyd. After the war, she became an actress and was know on level as La Belle Rebelle.Her real name was Isabelle Boyd, she was born in Martinsburg, West Virginia in 1844. Near the parentage of the war, she helped in traditional ways, rolling bandages and raising money for the Confederate forces, but that soon changed. Union soldiers set-aside(p) Martinsburg in July of 1861 Boyd mingled with Union officers and learned some of their plans. She told the Confederate forces all that she had heard. Boyd continued to spy for the Confederates and delivered messages fo r Maj. John S. Mosby. She was arrested by Union forces and held in Washington until she developed typhoid and was paroled in a prisoner exchange. Elizabeth Van Lew, a Union spy, accomplished much more than Boyd. Born in Richmond, Virginia, she despised slavery. She freed all of her family slaves and even bought other slaves to free them as well. She often visited Union prisoners held in Richmond, she took them food and medicine. Many of the prisoners had heard Confederate plans after they were captured, and Van Lew invented a code to send what they knew to Union forces.Her neighbors called her Crazy Bet, and she decided to act the part. She talked to herself, dressed in old and battered clothes, and did not comb her hair. All of Richmond thought that Crazy Bets sympathy for the Union was part of her madness. Van Lew also got one of her former slaves, Elizabeth Bowser, a job as a house servant for Jefferson Davis. Together, they collected and passed a great deal of information to the North. (http//www.defenselink.mil) Nancy Hartserved as a Confederate scout, guide, and spy she carried messages between Southern Armies. She went to isolated Federal outposts, pretending to be a peddler, to report their strength, population, and picture to General Jackson. Hart was twenty years old when she was captured and jailed, with guards constantly patrolling the building. Nancy gained the trust of one of her guards, got his weapon from him, shot him, and escaped. (http//userpages.aug.com)You will see by this paper that on the 15th day of November 1866 I enlisted in the get together States army at St. Louis, in the Thirty-eighth United States Infantry Company A, Capt. Charles E. Clarke commanding. (http//www.buffalosoldier.net) mainland China Williams or William Cathay was a former slave, liberated by the Union who wanted to help in the war effort. She fall in the war but before her three years were finished, she decided that she wanted to leave the army and complained of constancy in her side, and rheumatism in her knees. The doctor who examined her discovered that she was a woman and she was discharged. (http//www.buffalosoldier.net)Other women who served as men were Sarah Emma Edmonds, alias Franklin Thompson, Jennie Hodgers who served and fought for three years as Albert Cashier, and a woman known only as Emily, who ran away from home at 19 and joined the drum corps of a Michigan Regiment. (http//userpages.aug.com) She was shot and her finish up discovered, while dying she at first refused to give her real name but eventually concur to dictate a letter to her father in Brooklyn. Forgive your dying daughter. I have but a few moments to live. My native soil drinks my blood. I expected to deliver my country but the fates would not have it so. I am content to die. Pray forgive me Emily. (http//userpages.aug.com)I think that if women had not helped as much as they did during the Civil War, it could have been completely different. These women great ly expanded the scope of expected fiber of women in the 19th century. From La Belle Rebelle to 19 year old Emily, everyone helped in their own way.

Honda Strategy and Marketing Analysis

Honda system and Marketing AnalysisVolkswagen was the first classifynership entering the Chinese carmobile industry. Faced by a satisfied home market the company had to expand its business and therefore the growing economy of chinaw atomic number 18 was their next choice.The Volkswagen Beetle, the first cable car pull ind for the Chinese market, was a real success. After several historic periodcompetitors, in the first place from the Japanese market like Honda, started to enter the Chinese market very aggressively anddue to that Volkswagen had to appear the challenge to maintain its market leader position and therefore adopt thecorporate strategy.As a consequence Volkswagen china introduced its Olympic Program strategic plan in 2005. The program is calledOlympic since its aim is to come across the strategic goals set by the end of the Olympic year 2008.In the following we exit crumble the strategic plans of Volkswagen and set them in context to the strategic behaviour o fthe Japanese competitor Honda.3.1 MarketingVolkswagen inform to focus more(prenominal) than on variousiation. This is due to the existence of two joint ventures and theplanned positioning of the Skoda products. By offering a show upsize product variety the group aims to serve as many differenttarget customer groups as possible.In opposition to previous product designs the new cars offered by Volkswagen leave be adapted to Chinese taste in orderto increase the brands touristyity. The former Volkswagen products were de sign-language(a) for the European market entirely sinceJapanese car manufacturers fit better to the Asian taste the company had to react. The Volkswagen products in chinawarecompete on quality but to maintain the companys leading position it is unremitting to pitch cars that be bothfashionable and qualitative.3.2 SalesSales relationships are going to be restructured and there will be more interaction amidst the two joint ventures FAWVW and VWS. These str ategic interactions are an other bearing to increase the companys customer orientation and therebythe attractiveness of the brand. Dealerships will be tailored to the newly-defined customer groups divider of thetwo joint ventures respectively. Vehicles of the Volkswagen brand will be distributed finished two dealer networkchannels. By this, Volkswagen aims at its strategic goal to maintain its leading position by serving different customergroups.3.3 Research and DevelopmentThe company focuses more on in-house rebelments within the Volkswagen joint ventures in China to pen be. Tento twelve new models developed in China for the Chinese market should be launched by the end of 2008.3.4 Sourcing and Supply ChainHistorically the two joint ventures VW Shanghai FAW VW in Changchun sourced separately but within the last disco biscuitsourcing became more challenging for the company the cars are be advance more sophisticated and therefore thecomponents have to fulfil higher expectation s, the technical expertise of the provider is getting more all important(p) and it isdifficult for Volkswagen to find suppliers which meet their requirements, lack of availability of certain raw materials(e.g. specific kinds of steel) cause sourcing difficulties.As a reaction Volkswagen is trying to introduce a common sourcing process for the global group and chock up thepurchasing volume in China to create economies of scale. Thereby the target is to find one supplier for each platformpart and carry these parts to China.3.5 ManufacturingIn order to decrease production costs the board decided to introduce so called product cost workshops within themanufacturing departments to communicate cost targets and find to costs. Also large parts of the manufacturingprocess will be done in China and kettle of fish in China are planned to be increased to make use of the cheaper labourissue in China. Besides all plans to reduce production costs Volkswagen tries not to compromise its high te chnologyquality and manufacturing standards since this is a very important success factor for the company.4. Honda strategy in ChinaHonda advocates the tone of three joys.Because of their belief in the value of each individual, Honda believes that each person working in, or coming in touchwith their company, directly or through their products, should share a sense of joy through that experience. This feelingis ex touch in what they call The Three comforts. Their goal is to provide Joy for those who buy their products and produce their products. In that regard, their main concern is for people.First, there is The Joy of Buying for every customer who buys a HondaThis Joy is a step beyond customer satisfaction. As they define it, there are four travel to successfully creating The Joyof Buying.We also pick up another 4 strategy of Guangzhou Honda in China. Firstly, large scales of purchasing Honda uses theireconomies of scale by working with their parts suppliers to order raw materia ls in large quantities.Secondly, suppliers local anaestheticization, more than 160 component suppliers around Guangzhou Honda to manufacture some sustainments component for carmobiles. For example, the glass seat and engine. These parts are supplied not tho forGuangzhou Honda but also sometimes for exporting. Whats more, setting up manufacturing secondary for transmission inGuangzhou really makes a record, because this is the first time for foreign-funded automobiles enterprises to set uptransmission manufacturing introduction in China. And this coronation of Honda makes the supplier localization especially thesuppliers for core parts.Thirdly, optimizing logistics process. They use logistics management software from USA.The logistics department ofGuangzhou Honda was demanded to operate consort to the pattern in Janpese Logistics Company. They emphasizeimporting the service quality in logistics, decreasing logistics cost puff out market share and competitiveness and importnew technology and methods in logistics from USA.Fourthly, making planning string perfect. The Honda setting up a local transmission manufacturing base in Guangzhoumakes transmissions no longer popular in importing and components industrial chain in China will develop to perfect.the newly set-up base will provide transmissions to three Honda companies in China(Guangzhou Honda, DongfengHonda and China Honda)In this pattern, the most crucial part of automobileengine production has been promoted alot.In the influence of transmission localization. The biggest supplier of upon) in Japan set up a factory in 5 years with thetotal investment54million dollars in Nanhai District in Guangzhou and it manufacture clutch for Guangzhou Hondadirectly.With the localization of supplier of transmission and clutch the supply chain of Guangzhou Honda has developed intonearly perfect.Hondas strategy in supply chain endure considerably decrease the cost which gives Guangzhou Honda more profits.Then we mo ve on to the comparison of the marketing between Volkswagen and Honda. Firstly, for Honda they launch anew car later in China compared with in Japan. For example, the Accord in 2008 was launched half a year later in Chinathan in Japan. But for Volkswagen, a new car will have a equal launching docket all over the world it means same timepromoting same time marketing.Secondly, Honda adjusts the price to the military position of market nearly every season. Demand fluctuation, price fluctuation.The flexible price strategy is different from Volkswagens stabilize price strategy which perhaps gives consumers morereliability.Thirdly, Honda fight for market share and Volkswagen emphasize brand repute in long term, Honda targetconsumers which means flexible strategy will be much easier for company to survive and succeed. While forVolkswagen, more luxury and exclusive element allow Volkswagen to offer more acceptance for consumers in order togain reputation in long term.Case study SIAC6.4 .1. General narrative of SVW and SGMNot only did Shanghai present an advantage as a potential market, butShanghais minatory industrial infrastructure also made major contributions to ShanghaiVW (SVW) and Shanghai GM (SGM). A larger number of parts factories, togetherwith the extant Shanghai car plants and the urban tendernesss steel and other heavy industries,cried out for the final ingredients necessary for rapid breeding moderntechnology and management skills.An automobile cluster began to develop in Shanghai in the 1980s, thanks to well-set governing support at different levels. To ascent the national automobileindustry following international standards and to avoid an influx of automobileimports, the central authorities started negotiation with VW in 1978 for theestablishment of a joint auto production firm. During that entire year, the countrysstate-owned auto factories produced only 15,500 vehicles, and the industry was characterized by old-fashioned, low-quality cars that were produced with outdatedequipment in a labor-intensive process (Kiefer, 1998). Chinese official pressed theidea of building autos for export and insisted on auto-parts localization. The Germancounterpart, however, explained the necessity of auto-part import at the first wooden leg andproposed the idea of localization as China became more experienced in producingquality part supplies. at bottom this cooperative atmosphere, the contract was signed in1984. This joint venture was owned 50% by Volkswagen, 25% by SAIC, 15% by theBank of Chinas Shanghai Trust and Consultancy Corporation, and 10% by the China guinea pig railroad carmotive Industrial Corporation. The involvement of Chinese partnersrevealed watchful forethought The Bank of China could provide or guarantee neededloans, SAIC would have an interest in solving local problems, and CNAIC could be a plug in to the central planner. (Harwit, 1995, p. 153).To reduce its dependence on VW and to stimulate technology transfer afterone decade of cooperation, SAIC decided to engage in the joint venture with GM inthe early 1990s. SAIC and GM signed a contract to jointly set up Shanghai GMproduction facilities in Pudong in 1997. GM was anxious to win this joint venturebecause it believed that SAIC was the best automobile company in China. Indeed,SAIC was exceedingly profitable due to many advantages. Notably, the Chinesegovernment had chosen SAIC to be the primary passenger car producer enabling it toacquire the most relevant technological experiences, more so than any other domesticcompany. However, the obvious disadvantage of working with SAIC was its existingjoint venture with VW which was one of GMs global competitors and which had prevail the Chinese passenger car market since the mid-80s (see Table 19). Sinceits establishment, SGM has grown into one of the largest car producers in China.6.4.2. Auto Supplier Cluster in Shanghai AreaThe development of the automobile industry in the city was strongly sup portedby municipal policies, including infrastructure development, labor market, andindustrial policies. In addition, to stimulate kind manufacturing competencies and tointegrate Chinese suppliers within the region, the central government enforced local-content regulations on those auto joint ventures to urgency the development of a regionalproduction network with substantial local linkages.Mean musical composition, there has been a strong tendency in the international automobileindustry to develop hierarchical supplier networks and shift the developing,manufacturing, and manufacture responsibilities of important modules to the first-tiersuppliers. Along with the globalization strategy of the automobile producers, largefirst-tier suppliers were also required to follow their auto assembly partners and set upproduction facilities in other nations (Sadler, 1998). As a consequence, VWdemanded that important first-tier suppliers establish production facilities in China,preferably with in the region. However, production volume (less than 20,000 units in 1990) at that time was excessively small for global suppliers to set up mass productionfacilities in Shanghai.In the initial years after production was launched, SVW still imported mostparts and components for the production of the VW Santana from overseas, a large part of which was from Germany. At that time, there were basically no firms in theregion that could have supplied the parts that were needed. However, the Chinesegovernment threatened to impose a production limit on SVW if the firm would notincrease its local content in production. To achieve the 70% local content regulationbut at the same time to ensure global quality standards, VW and the Chinesegovernment worked interactively in promoting joint venture partnerships in the autoparts sector.6.4.3. Joint Ventures Firm Strategy and CompetitionSAICs strategy is clear-to form multiple auto JVs with different globalfirms and to benefit from competitions bet ween those partners, in regard totechnology transfer, new model introduction, and supply market rationalization.SAICs experience with GM and VW proved this strategy, and GM seems to do abetter job in quality control, technology adaptation, and accurate appraisals ofdomestic demand market than its competitor VW. While VW and GM areincreasingly going head to head in the marketplace as they expand their product lines,SAIC may find itself competing with both when its own car goes on sale. At the same . time, VW and GM run the seek of being shunted aside as Chinas domestic autoindustry develops.In July 2004, national auto gross revenue rose only 3.7% over the same period in 2003(CAAM, 2005). The growth slowdown has had a substantive impact on VW who waslosing market shares because of an aging product line and increased competition. In2002, cars made by SVW had 27.6% of the China market in 2003 they slipped to19.6%, and for the first seven months of 2004, they fell further to 15.5% (Xu , 2005).VWs difficulties have created an opportunity for GM, which passed SVW in brief in June 2004 to become the market leader. Over the past few years, Chineseconsumers have become more savvy shoppers through great access to information(The middle class., 2001), said Phil Murtaugh (CEO of GM China) at the 2001China Business Summit, and they have higher expectations for the products and theirquality. (The middle class., 2001). He pointed to the dramatic increase of internetusage and the greater number of Chinese auto publications. Chinas growing middleclass itself represents a sophisticated customer base for a broaden product mix andthus fierce competition, Murtaugh said (The middle class., 2001). A carefulevaluation of changing domestic consumers and a close relationship with Chineseengineers in its technical center keeps GM consistently in the leading position inChinese passenger car market. 6.4.4. technology Transfer Good and BadScholars advocated that the existing supplier ne twork and industrialinfrastructure were important reasons wherefore GM also decided to set up productionfacilities in Shanghai in 1997(Gallagher, 2005 Taylor III, 2004), while the latersuccess of GM, to a large extent, is attributed to its sincere investment in localtechnology development and close cooperation with Chinese engineers. Nonetheless,problems could rise from inter-JV technology transfer.GM was the first company that actually established a technical center withadditional investment in Shanghai, following the governments promotion oftechnology transfer in the 1994 industrial policy. A separate $50 million US jointventure was established between GM and SAIC named the Pan Asian TechnicalCenter (PATAC). PATACs main purpose is to provide engineering support to SGMand other Chinese auto companies. PATAC has also established an in-houseemissions testing center and has employed around cd Chinese engineers, which,though not directly training Chinese engineers, gives China the op portunity to work tight with advanced techniques and learn in the process.According to Porter (1990), only when a foreign company transfers RDdecisions can it add to the host nations competitiveness.

Social And Technological Factors Also Affect The Company Marketing Essay

friendly And Technological Factors Also Affect The Company merchandise EssayPolitical, Economical, healthful-disposed and Technological factors besides affect the company as a whole. If the Political or Economical condition of the country is not strong, this raft affect the business as s well up.Political Factors administration affects the business a lot beca hotshot- prised function a company must fol low-spirited certain rules or regulations (laws) illuminate by the g altogether overnment. Creation of dissimilar laws depends upon the ruling political party. For mannikin, the end of Cold War has been a life-sized change for weapon makers. Moreover Political factors include government regulations and legal issues and define both nut and informal rules under which the unshakable must ope egressrank. about examples includeTax policyEmployment lawsenvironmental regulationsTrade restrictions and tariffsPolitical st susceptibilityEconomic FactorsThe economic condition of the country and state has a outstanding order on the company progression. The incompatible economic policies, which affect business, atomic deem 18TaxationInterest raiseCurrency ratePublic economic condition (either pack argon poor or rich) lump rateSocial FactorsSocial values, beliefs, religion and culture really affect the business. Business must be harmonise to social aspects. For example, in Pakistan we elicitnot sale or purchase things like wine, because it is against Islamic faith. Another example is of wearing shorts by the women. Here it is unsocial, so we do-nothingnot start the business of selling shorts to women. Social factors include the demographic and cultural aspects of the external macro environment. These factors affect customer require and the size of operationiveness merchandises. Some social factors includeHealth consciousnessPopulation growth rateAge dispersalCargoner attitudesEmphasis on safetyTechnological FactorsThe most challenging factor for securities industrying coach is technological factor, because growth of the company depends upon the innovation and for innovation, the use of immature technology is very much important. In order to beat the contests, an memorial tablet must harbour effective research, planning and securities industrying of overbold carrefours and for this single-valued function juvenile machinery, techniques and ideas be very much important Technological factors stick out lower barriers to institution, reduce marginal effective carrefourion levels, and influence outsourcing decisions. Some technological factors includeRD activityAutomationTechnology incentives consider of technological changePorters Five ForcesThe pure disputation model does not present a operable peter to assess an industry. Porters Five Forces attempts to realistically assess electromotive force levels of pro suitability, opportunity and risk establish on five key factors within an industry. This model ma y be utilise as a as welll to better develop a strategic advantage over competing firms within an industry in a competitive and healthy environment. It identifies five forces that determine the long-run profitability of a market or market portionPower of suppliersAn industry that produces goods requires raw materials. This leads to demoralizeer-supplier relationships between the industry and the firms that proffer the raw materials. Depending on where the post lies, suppliers may be able to exert an influence on the producing industry. They may be able to set up price and influence availability. A ingredient is unattractive when an organizations suppliers have the ability toIncrease prices without suffering from a decrease in volumeReduce the quantity suppliedOrganize in a formal or informal mannerCompete in an environment with relatively few substitutesProvide a product/material that is a critical part of the end product or runImpose substitution costs on their customers w hen they departIntegrate downstream by purchasing or controlling the distribution conduct.Power of buyersThe power of buyers describes the encounter customers have on an industry. When buyer power is strong, the relationship to the producing industry blend ins circumferent to what economists term a monopsony. A Monopsony is a market where there are many suppliers and one buyer. chthonian these market conditions, the buyer has the most influence in determining the price. The bargaining power of buyers increases when they have the ability toBe organized in some form with others providing similar products and runPurchase a product that represents a signifi laughingstockt fraction of the buyers costsBuy a product that is un antitheticaliatedIncur low switching costs when they change vendorsBe price sensitive, with other options availableIntegrate upstream, to purchase the providers of the goods.Barriers to entry/ cronkThe possibility of new firms entering the industry impacts com petition. A key is to assess how easy it is for a new player to enter an industry. The most attractive constituent has high entry barriers and low exit barriers. The definable characteristics of each industry protect profitable areas for firms and inhibit additional rivals from entering the market. These inhibitive characteristics are referred to as barriers to entry.Barriers to entry are unique characteristics to each industry. They reduce the rate of entry of new firms and, therefore, maintain a level of profits for current industry competitors. Barriers to entry can be created or exploited to farm a firms competitive advantage. Barriers to exit work similarly to barriers to entry, Exit barriers limit the ability of a firm to leave the market and can exacerbate rivalry unable to leave the industry, a firm must make do.Substitute productsPorters Five Forces model refers to substitute products as those products that are available in other industries that conform to an identical or similar need for the end user. As more than substitutes be commence available and collapseable, the adopt becomes more elastic since customers have more alternatives. Substitute products may limit the ability of firms within an industry to raise prices and improve margins.RivalryFirms strive to secure a competitive advantage over their rivals. The enduringness of rivalry varies within each industry and these differences can be important in the development of strategy. For example, the effectiveness of rivalry is increased by the following industry characteristicsNumerous competitors that are particularly strong or aggressive that are competing for the same customers and resourcesDeclining sales r levelues and volumes resulting in slow market growth, creating the need to actively stir for market shareHigh fixed costs result in an economy of scale effectHigh storage costs or highly perishable productsPlant capacity is being added, over and above what is needed to meet ingest Low switching costs for buyersLow levels of product specialismStrategic stakes are high when a firm is losing market position or has potential for great gainsHigh exit barriers tail a significant cost on abandoning the product.Discuss and see breakdown Criteria to be used for any of two products of the above company in different markets (Pass) commercialise Segmentation -mart naval division divides market into smaller units that can be reached more efficiently and effectively. market place segmentation is divided into four groups.Geographic SegmentationGeographic segmentation is dividing the market into different geographical groups e.g. countries, regions, cities, towns etc creation region or country (Europe, Middle East, India, china, Pakistan)Demographic SegmentationDemographic segmentation is dividing the market into groups ground on inconstants such as age, gender, family size, family life cycle, income occupation, education, religion and nationality.Age -Consumer need s and wants change with age. Companies offer different products for different age groups e.g. Johnsons baby lotion for kids, play stations for teen ages etcGender -Gender segmentation is dividing the market into different groups based on gender e.g. clothes for males and females etcIncome -Income segmentation is dividing the market into different income groups. merchandiseers produce products and go for different income segmented groups such as automobile industry, boats, clothings etcPsychographic SegmentationPsychographic segmentation is dividing a market into different groups based on social rank life vogue or personality characteristic.Behavioral SegmentationBehavioral segmentation is dividing a market into groups based on consumer knowledge, attitude, uses (potential users/non users) or their response to a product. makeIs dividing the market into groups according to occasion when buyers deposit the idea to buy, actually make their purchase or use the purchased item e.g. o rangish juice is most often consumed at break fast but orange juice manufacturers have promoted bedeviling orange juice as a cool and refreshing drink at other clippings of the day.DOMINOS PIZZAThe bottom of the pizza pie pie, called the crust, may vary widely according to style thin as in a typical hand-tossed pizza , or thick as in a typical pan pizza or deep pan pizza It is traditionally plain, but may too be seasoned with garlic, or herbs, or stuffed with cheese.In Dominos, pizza can be baked in an oven above the heat source, an electric deck oven, a conveyor knock oven or, in the case of more expensive restaurants, a wood- or coal-fired oven. On deck ovens, the pizza can be slid into the oven on a long paddle, called a peel, and baked directly on the hot oven or baked on a screen (a round metal grate, typically aluminum). Another option is grill pizza in which the crust is baked directly on a barbecue grill.Each instalment used in the pizzas has a different value and a different need and all these ingredients are value added features. This differentiates dominoes from other local pizza parlors in Pakistan.Demographic SegmentationAge Attracts children (6-15), teenagers and raw adults (16-22), and general adults.Family aspect is the basis of dominos. It got strong aspects about families visiting it.Income Income Level This is also an important variable on which segmentation can be carried out. People belonging to the lower income groups can not afford to buy dominos pizza will target that segment whose income puts them in the upper middle and high income groups.Social Class dominos caters to the upper- upper middle to middle upper social class.Occasions natal day Parties, Get together.SERVICEFree delivery and take a direction counters have eased that service that dominos offers. This changes the outlook and satisfies customers demands on time.Overall if we see, the differentiation is all on grapheme and hygiene and this provides the best value f or the customers money. A benefit of the hygienic factor and deliciousness is the graphic symbol that dominos has offered through out.Psychographic Segmentation flavour StyleSocial Class Buyers are divided into different groups based on social class and life style. many consumers live a simple life style and belong to lower and middle class they dont dangle on get pizza. So dominos should target that segment living a high class life and can afford to buy pizza.Behavioral SegmentationOccasion The other segment can be of regular occasions, which includes parties and get together.Foreigners This can be an important segment for dominos because those who come from afield are very brand conscious.DOMINOS SANDWICHESDominos Sandwiches are a widely popular sign of lunch food, typically taken to work or school, or picnics to be eaten as part of a packed lunch. They generally contain a crew of salad vegetables meat, cheese, and a variety of sauces or savoury spreads. The chou can be use d as it is, or it can be coated with any condiments to prove flavor and texture. They are widely sold in dominos outlets.Geographic SegmentationRegions Commonly raft prefer to eat sandwich. So dominos can segment the market on the basis of people taste.Cities Consumption of sandwiches is more in the large cities as compared to the small cities or town due to non-homogeneous factors such as income and education level. dominos should focus more on making its sandwiches available in the cities where people are willing and able to buy.Demographic SegmentationAge dominos can good target various age groups. The most important of these groups are children and young peoples. For children it can introduce association sandwiches with additional nutritional contents such as cheese and minerals. For older people it already has salad sandwiches . A smaller segment can be of the people who are aging. These people can be persuade that the sandwiches will help their diet remain healthy (espec ially women).Gender It will be very just to target working women and men. If they are convinced that the sandwiches will be good for their health during working moment specially in tight working schedule.Income and occupation People will buy sandwiches when they have lavish monetary resources. Dominos should target people in the higher income groups. People with blue collar jobs can be targeted by telling them that the sandwiches will help them in their daily routine. Life cycle horizontal surface can also be important because families with younger kids will want to buy sandwiches.Psychographic segmentationSocial class and life style People belonging to the higher social classes tend to spend more on luxuries as compared to people in the lower classes. Such people can be good targeted as they are very health conscious. dominos can urge these people (along with diet conscious) to buy their line of diet sandwiches.Discuss any two factors which influence the woof of targeting str ategy (Pass)Target Market SelectionTarget marketing tailors a marketing mix for one or more segments determine by market segmentation. Target marketing contrasts with mass marketing, which offers a single product to the entire market. deuce important factors to consider when selecting a target market segment are the attractiveness of the segment and the fit between the segment and the firms objectives, resources, and capabilities.Attractiveness of a Market SegmentThe following are some examples of aspects that should be considered when evaluating the attractiveness of a market segmentSize of the segment (number of customers and/or number of units)Growth rate of the segmentCompetition in the segmentBrand loyalty of existing customers in the segmentgetatable market share given promotional budget and competitors expendituresRequired market share to break evenSales potential for the firm in the segmentExpected profit margins in the segmentMarket research and analysis is instrumental in obtaining this schooling. For example, buyer intentions, sales force estimates, test marketing, and statistical demand analysis are effectual for determining sales potential. The impact of applicable micro-environmental and macro-environmental variables on the market segment should be considered.Suitability of Market Segments to the FirmMarket segments also should be evaluated according to how they fit the firms objectives, resources, and capabilities. Some aspects of fit includeWhether the firm can offer superior value to the customers in the segmentThe impact of serving the segment on the firms viewAccess to distribution ancestry required to serve the segmentThe firms resources vs. capital investment required to serve the segmentThe better the firms fit to a market segment and the more attractive the market segment, the greater the profit potential to the firm.Target Market StrategiesThere are several different target market strategies that may be followed. Targeting strateg ies usually can be categorised as one of the followingSingle-segment strategy -Is also known as a concentrated strategy. one(a) market segment (not the entire market) is served with one marketing mix. A single-segment approach often is the strategy of choice for smaller companies with limited resources.Selective specialization -This is a multiple-segment strategy which is also known as a differentiated strategy. Different marketing mixes are offered to different segments. The product itself may or may not be different in many cases only the promotional message or distribution channels vary.Product specialization -The firm specializes in a particular product and tailors it to different market segments.Market specialization -The firm specializes in serving a particular market segment and offers that segment an legions of different products.Full market coverage -The firm attempts to serve the entire market. This coverage can be achieved by style of either a mass market strategy in which a single undifferentiated marketing mix is offered to the entire market, or by a differentiated strategy in which a separate marketing mix is offered to each segment.Discuss how buyer behavior affects marketing activities in different situations in light of the assigned companies (Pass)Buyer BehaviorIn addition to understanding the needs of your customers, you also need to understand what motivates them to purchase, and how you can influence the buying process to ensure that your products or services are on the shopping list.Understanding your customers will help you to develop and distribute your product, as well as getting the right price point and developing successful promotional activities. The psychology of the buying process has been widely studied, and no matter what size your business, knowledge of this process can help you become more successful.Both businesses and consumers exhibit patterns of buying behavior. The business model is less open to debate as your busine ss customers will almost certainly have some formalized process of buying in place. Your task is to understand the process and match your marketing activities to the different stages of the process. This means that the customer will commence the right kind of contact at the right time.Marketing in DominosMarketing is based on the principle of customer satisfaction. This is the foundation for the environmental marketing approach of dominos. Environmental product claims in advertising, promotional material and on packaging are in accordance with legal requirements, based on solid scientific evidence and used in a serious and reasonable manner. Their aim is to besmirch wastage in communication, publicity and promotional material, in particular through more precise targeting of marketing activities. Consumer promotions and merchandising material such as consumer offers, in store promotions, display material, leaflets, printed matter, etc. take environmental aspects into composition. This means due consideration of environmental impact in selecting both materials and printing modes. In distribution, energy efficient and pollution controlled methods are encouraged wherever possible.The attractiveness of ads may attract consumersStrong brand image also help in attracting customers that influence their buying behavior.Quality of product its price packaging also influence buyers behaviorThe distribution channels, the placement of products also influence the behavior.3.1 Describe how products are developed to set out competitive advantages .Now a days technology is improving so as baking and heat up ovens will be of new and efficient technology and will provide efficient service. Due to new technology there are new ways of marketing like internet telemarketing and the organization can advertise their products with much more faster pace. Computer based customer data that is MIS (managing information system) helps in collecting customer data, daily transactions, fu ture forecasting and decision making. New vehicles will make their service more efficient.Dominoz pizza is the market leader in providing different products of pizzas as there are many competitors in this sector. There good image makes the organization more strong. Dominoz pizza is providing good taste, quality products with qualified module, good atmosphere and hygienic environment. They are specialized in pizzas. Motivation level of staff is very high which make the organization more prosperous. They are ISO (International Standard Organization) certified. They have enough resources for run different activities of the organization. They are providing forego home delivery service. Another big Strength and even a Competitive Advantage is the fact that they have a full service restaurant as well as delivery services. Most of Dominoz pizzas competitors do not have restaurants. Because of the restaurant, Dominoz pizza can market too many different segments that other pizza chains ca nnot.However, the fact that Dominoz pizza does have a restaurant to run is also a weakness. Dominoz pizza has higher overhead costs, due to the restaurant that other competitors dont have to deal with. Another result of higher overhead costs is higher prices Dominoz pizza must charge. Obviously, Dominoz pizza is not the low cost producer. They rely on their quality pizza and good service to account for their higher prices. They are providing less range of products comparatively with high prices. They are more focused on Western taste instead of Eastern.New markets can be explored and new opportunities they can gain. Dominoz pizza can come up with the new products considering the Eastern taste of the people as like McDonalds . Diversification of new products can increase their market share. They can reduce their prices because of more resources.3.2 Explain how distribution is arranged to provide customer convenienceDistributionIt refers to the best place to offer program. That is the place where it is located and through what channels are we distributing programs and the competitive advantage lies in distribution. The Dominoz pizza islamabad is situated in blue area.. second the catchment area is of a specified minimum size and within a given drive time to the site.Distribution The type of distribution channel used by Dominoz pizza is the direct channel. The direct channel is successful when there is an extremely large market that is geographically dispersed. The direct channel is also utile when there are a large number of buyers, but a small amount purchased by each.Dominoz pizza uses three different methods of selling its products directly to the market.The first method of distribution used by Dominoz pizza is Home. Office delivery. Customers can call Dominoz pizza ahead of time, place an order, and the order is delivered to the customers home.Another method of distribution is for customers to dine-in. Customers can go to the nearest Dominoz pizza, place an order and either leave with the order or eat at the restaurant. One of Dominoz pizzas largest competitive advantages is its restaurant style facility. Dominoz pizza offers a clean place to sit down and enjoy the variety of pizzas, salads, and sandwiches in a fun, family atmosphere.The third method of distribution is to order Online. Selective County Customers can now go on the Internet and place an order for Pizza. This method is useful because it allows customers to view the entire menu, download any special coupons, and order without having to disclose any credit handbill numbers.3.3 Explain how prices are set to reflect an organizations objective and market conditions.Pricing StrategyThe level of competition a business faces determines its pricing strategy. Sometimes a business has the scope to set its price and sometimes a business cannot. When a business has the scope to set its price there is a number of pricing strategies or policies it might choose. As there are no such co mpetitors of Dominoz pizza which could compete with the quality of pizza produced at Dominoz pizza, therefore, the pricing strategy adopted by Dominoz pizza is market skimming. Dominoz pizza has adopted this pricing strategy as they want to hold maximum share of the market by maximum profit. This is a golden era for Dominoz pizza, as there are no competitors and hence, Dominoz pizza is free to charge any price they want. They are charging higher prices due to the uniqueness of the product. They satisfy the target market as the food quality is worth the price paid. The pricing strategy is not just to get the worth of quality but also to gain maximum profits before any competitor enters because then Dominoz pizza will have to change its pricing strategy. Although the prices would be lowered with the new entrants in the market but not to a greater extent as the quality food products are not home-produced. They are imported from different countries keeping in view the bestQuality.3.4 Il lustrate how promotional activity is integrated to achieve marketing objectivesPromotional ActivityThis forced competitors to look for new methods of increase their customer bases. Many pizza chains decided to diversify and offer new non-pizza items such as Buffalo wings, and Italian cheese bread. The current trend in pizza chains today is the same. They all try to come up with some newer, bigger, better, pizza for a low price. Offering special promotions and new pizza variations are popular today as well. For example, chicken is now a common transcend found on pizzas.In the past, Dominoz pizza has always had the first mover advantage. Their marketing strategy in the past has always been to be first. One of their main strategies that they still follow today is the diversification of the products they offer. Dominoz pizza is always adding something new to their menu, trying to reach new markets. For example, in 1992 the famous buffet was launched in Dominoz pizza restaurants worldwi de. They were trying to offer many different food items for customers who didnt necessarily want pizza.Another strategy they used in the past and are still using is the diversification of their pizzas. Dominoz pizza is always trying to come up with some innovative way to make a pizza into something slightly different different enough that customers will think its a whole new product. For example, lets look at some of the pizzas Dominoz pizza has marketed in the past. In 1989, Dominoz pizza introduced their Pan Pizza, which had a guarantee of being ready to eat in 5 minutes when dining at Dominoz pizza restaurants. In 1994, they introduced the Bigfoot, which was two square feet of pizza rotate into 21 slices. In 1995, they introduced Stuffed Crust Pizza, where the crust would be filled with cheese. In 1997, they marketed The Edge, which had cheese and toppings all the way to the edge of the pizza. Currently, they are marketing The Big New Yorker, trying to bring the famous New York style pizza to the whole country.3.5 Analyze the additional elements of the extended marketing mixPeopleThe employees in Dominoz pizza have a standard uniform and Dominoz pizza specially focuses on friendly and prompt service to its customers from their employees. The employees are part time workers and full time workers (not a policy). The aprons of the employees distinguish them as Dominoz pizza workers. bear onThe food manufacturing process at Dominoz pizza is transparent and hidden (the whole process is not visible to the customers).Physical EvidenceDominoz pizza focuses on clean and hygienic interiors of its outlets and at the same time the interiors are attractive and the Pizza maintains a proper etiquette at its joints.The design, furnishing, lighting, layout and decoration of the Pizza chain as well as the appearance and attitudes of its employees will influence customer perceptions of the service quality and experiences. Now another component part of the service experienc e can be the Eviction Model which illustrates the various invisible and visible factors which influence the customers experience.4.1 Recommend marketing mixes for two different segments in consumer marketsSegmentationMain segments which Dominoz pizza has captured are the combination of higher incomes and dual career families , due to higher income consumer have more disposable income , allowing them to eat out more often .Dominoz pizza holds the most market share in the Pizza industry, the perceived quality and service of the company will help to ensure a better the average chance at a successful introduction of a new product. The introduction of a product that keeps with today trends is also important to reduce the risk of failure.Dominoz pizza maximum market segment is younger generations. These generation ranges from 12 to 30, the overall spending of these generations is mostly on non essential items, the higher amount of spending has been done on eating out.