Manufacturing process management (MPM)

The limitations of the other 100 or so include "defective mechanical properties," brittleness, scarcity, high cost, and trouble to impossibility of preparation or manipulation.

Compelling properties on the workable, durable metals amount through: ease of manipulation, as for drawing into fine wire or pressing into complex shapes; high strength and hardness, as in structural beams, high-powered machinery, or rock-crushing machines; plus a amount of strengths and flexibilities in between, as in solutions ranging from golf club shafts to nails. Harris sums up metal properties this way: "Inherent in all of these [characteristics] may be the home of metals being deformed to significant degrees without the need of fracture and to become rendered soft and ductile or hard and tough by heat treatment processes . . ."

The many nonmetallic materials whose strength or flexibility contribute directly to their utility and function(s) include: minerals, cement, ceramics, glass, graphite, plastics, petroleum products, wood, paper, rubber, and leather.

Manufacturers have to contemplate the tolerances or allowances permissible between the dimensions of a couple of supposedly identical parts. How close to 16.000 weight does every bowling ball, shot-put, or artillery shell need to be? Dimensions given by designers with really close tolerances typically mean that this sort of a part must fit closely with an additional part, or that every unit of the particular part

 

Webster's Dictionary in the English Language, Encyclopedic ed. S.v. "manufacture."

(Superfinishing, using a capital-S, is often a trade name. The method applies a "bonded abrasive stone" to a jobs surface under low pressure and speed, with short, rapid, random motions and a lubricant of specific viscosity employed to carry away minute abraded particles. )

Mark, Herman F. "Polymers in Materials Science." In Materials and Processes, Part A:

Collins describes exhaustively procedures used in metal-cutting operations: work layout and setup; drilling and related operations; lathe work; milling, planing, and shaping; grinding; or honing, lapping, or Superfinishing. Other specialized machine tool applications, such as gear cutting, are not explored additional here. Drilling operations include creating holes (drilling itself), reaming to enlarge holes, or counterboring, countersinking, or tapping. Lathe jobs contrasts with milling in that a workpiece is turned on the lathe into (toward) a additional or a smaller amount stationary tool, whereas in milling a revolving tool with many cutting teeth is fed against the (more or less stationary) work. A planer is often a machine tool wherever the workpiece is driven horizontally against a stationary tool (as on an engine lathe); whereas a shaper is a machine in which the work is held stationary as well as the (nonrevolving) cutting tool is driven against it.

Plastic deformation will be the most important metal property, characterized by the crystalline structure of each metal and planes along which each will shear, their strain hardening or resistance to further deformation, their recovery or recrystallization capabilities following strain is employed and released, grain growth -- if any -- as temperature is increased, densification or other effect from hot-working, and "creep" or continued deformation with more stress at temperatures over roughly half the melting temperature.

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